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Essential Biochemistry - Organ Function Tests (Section 1)

1
Which test helps differentiate between pre-hepatic, hepatic, and post-hepatic jaundice?
Answer
(B)
Serum Bilirubin Fractionation
2
Which of the following tests measure GFR accurately?
Answer
(A)
Inulin clearance
3
In hemolytic jaundice:
Answer
(A)
Urinary unconjugated excretion is increased
4
The term 'azotemia' refers to:
Answer
(A)
Excess urea in the blood
5
The Van den Bergh reaction is used to measure:
Answer
(B)
Bilirubin levels
6
Which of the following is a marker for liver cell damage?
Answer
(D)
Both ALT and AST
7
Inulin clearance is used to assess:
Answer
(C)
GFR
8
What is a common cause of increased serum creatinine?
Answer
(B)
Kidney disease
9
Which of the following is true regarding conjugated bilirubin?
Answer
(C)
It is excreted in the urine.
10
What type of examination is used to detect red blood cells and casts?
Answer
(C)
Microscopic examination
11
Which of the following is an important factor when assessing kidney function?
Answer
A
B
D
12
What is the main reason for measuring serum albumin?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
13
Absence of urobilinogen in urine occurs in:
Answer
(A)
Obstructive jaundice
14
Which of the following is directly measured by the Van den Bergh reaction?
Answer
(D)
Total bilirubin
15
Which of the following is NOT a kidney function?
Answer
(D)
Digestion
16
In obstructive jaundice which of the following enzymes is diagnostically important?
Answer
(A)
Alkaline phosphatase
17
What is the most common finding in microscopic examination of urine that indicates a problem?
Answer
(C)
Proteinuria
18
What does a decrease in serum TSH generally indicate?
Answer
(B)
Hyperthyroidism
19
Which is the test that would confirm hyperthyroidism?
Answer
(A)
Decreased TSH, elevated T4 and T3
20
In which of the following conditions is unconjugated bilirubin elevated?
Answer
(B)
Hepatitis
21
In what condition would you expect to see an increase in both direct and indirect bilirubin?
Answer
(C)
Bile duct obstruction
22
Following are the cardiac markers, except:
Answer
(D)
Alkaline phosphatase
23
Which of the following tests is used to assess the concentrating ability of the kidneys?
Answer
(B)
Urine concentration test
24
Which of the following is a component of a standard urine examination?
Answer
A
B
C
25
Positive direct van den Bergh's reaction indicates presence of:
Answer
(A)
Conjugated bilirubin
26
What is the primary function of albumin?
Answer
(C)
Osmotic pressure maintenance
27
Which enzyme is often measured to assess liver damage?
Answer
(C)
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
28
Which of these tests is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus?
Answer
(A)
Glucose tolerance test
29
Which of the following is primarily responsible for the concentration and dilution ability of the kidneys?
Answer
(C)
Loop of Henle and collecting ducts
30
In the diagnosis of jaundice, what does it suggest when only conjugated bilirubin is elevated?
Answer
(C)
Biliary obstruction
31
Which of the following are included in urine analysis?
Answer
A
B
C
32
Which of these is a function of the liver?
Answer
A
B
C
33
What is the main function of the glomerulus?
Answer
(B)
Filtration
34
What is the normal daily urine output in adults?
Answer
(C)
1000-2200 mL
35
Which of the following is NOT a type of organ function test mentioned in the introduction?
Answer
(D)
Blood clotting tests
36
What does a decreased creatinine clearance indicate?
Answer
(B)
Decreased kidney function.
37
Failure of concentrating capacity of urine is assessed by measurement of:
Answer
(B)
Fluid deprivation test
38
What is the normal value range for serum total bilirubin?
Answer
(B)
0.2 to 1.0 mg/dL
39
Prothrombin time in obstructive jaundice:
Answer
(B)
Increases after parenteral injection of vitamin K
40
What is the normal value range of urine specific gravity?
Answer
(C)
1.010-1.025
41
In which form is bilirubin water-soluble and ready for excretion?
Answer
(C)
Conjugated bilirubin
42
Which of the following is not a feature of obstructive jaundice?
Answer
(A)
Increased level of serum unconjugated bilirubin
43
In a patient with liver disease, what lab result would you most expect to see?
Answer
(C)
Increased ammonia
44
What is the primary function measured by creatinine clearance?
Answer
(B)
Glomerular filtration rate
45
Which of the following is NOT directly related to the excretory function of the kidney?
Answer
(C)
Protein synthesis
46
What is the normal urine pH range?
Answer
(B)
4.5-8
47
Which of the following is a common finding in the microscopic examination of urine?
Answer
A
B
C
48
Which of the following is an important indicator of kidney tubular function?
Answer
(A)
Urine specific gravity
49
What is a likely cause if only the direct bilirubin is elevated?
Answer
(C)
Biliary obstruction
50
Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause elevated levels of ammonia?
Answer
(B)
Cirrhosis