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Essential Biochemistry - Nutrition (Section 1)

1
Nutrients are the essential chemical substances that are involved in growth and metabolism. Which of the following are macronutrients?
Answer
(B)
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
2
What is the approximate range of total energy expenditure from the thermogenic effect?
Answer
(B)
10%
3
What is a common characteristic seen in Marasmus?
Answer
(C)
Wasting of muscles
4
The energy expenditure of the body can be determined by...
Answer
A
B
C
5
What is the energy expenditure in human per day due to basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Answer
(B)
70%
6
Which of the following conditions are associated with an inappropriate or inadequate protein intake?
Answer
(D)
Both Marasmus and Kwashiorkor
7
What is the main purpose of the energy requirement in human nutrition?
Answer
(B)
To provide energy for the body functions and growth
8
A positive nitrogen balance indicates that...
Answer
(C)
Nitrogen intake is more than excretion.
9
What is the primary role of protein in the body?
Answer
(C)
Build and repair tissues
10
What are the main health risks associated with high fiber diets?
Answer
A
B
C
D
11
What factor can decrease the BMR?
Answer
(C)
Reduced calorie intake
12
Which of the following are potential health benefits associated with high fiber intake?
Answer
A
B
C
13
In a diet, how many grams of protein should be suggested in an adult?
Answer
(A)
0.8 g/kg body weight
14
Which is the suggested diet for a person with low weight?
Answer
(C)
50% of protein and 150% of sugars
15
Which of the following is a key function of dietary fiber?
Answer
(C)
Promotes water absorption in the gut
16
What factors is used to determine the degree of obesity?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
17
What is the primary purpose of the IOM Expert Group?
Answer
(B)
To determine recommended daily allowances of essential amino acids.
18
What is the relationship between BMI and degree of obesity?
Answer
(A)
BMI can indicate the degree of obesity.
19
What is the definition of a balanced diet?
Answer
(C)
A diet including a variety of food groups, with the correct proportion of nutrients to maintain health and well-being.
20
What is the major role of vitamins and minerals in human nutrition?
Answer
(C)
Regulate metabolic processes and play structural roles
21
According to the text, what is a key characteristic of a balanced diet?
Answer
(C)
It contains a variety of food groups in the right proportions.
22
What does 'SDA' stand for in the context of nutrition?
Answer
(C)
Specific Dynamic Action
23
What are the main causes of PEM (Protein-Energy Malnutrition)?
Answer
(A)
Insufficient intake of protein and/or energy.
24
What is the recommended daily allowance (RDA) based on?
Answer
(B)
The nutritional needs of a group of individuals.
25
Which of the following conditions/diseases are associated with an increased risk of obesity?
Answer
A
B
C
D
26
What does the Specific Dynamic Action (SDA) of food refer to?
Answer
(B)
The thermogenic effect of food.
27
Which of the following factors can reduce the BMR?
Answer
A
C
D
28
What is the main purpose of the term 'nitrogen balance' in nutrition?
Answer
(C)
To evaluate protein intake relative to excretion and the body's protein needs.
29
What is the defining factor of nitrogen equilibrium?
Answer
(C)
Nitrogen intake equals nitrogen excretion.
30
What is the defining characteristic of Kwashiorkor?
Answer
(B)
Severe deficiency of protein with adequate calorie intake
31
Which of the following is used to determine the quality of the protein?
Answer
(A)
PER and BV
32
What does the term 'essential' refer to in the context of essential amino acids?
Answer
(B)
The body cannot synthesize them and they must be obtained from the diet.
33
Which of the following is NOT a type of dietary fiber?
Answer
(C)
Starch
34
Which of the following is a key factor in the formation of body structure and skeleton?
Answer
(B)
Vitamins and Minerals
35
Essential amino acids are...
Answer
(B)
Cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through diet.
36
What are the consequences of the decline of muscle mass and body mass with increasing age?
Answer
(C)
Decreased BMR
37
Which of the following does not have an effect on increasing the BMR?
Answer
(C)
Malnutrition
38
What effect does fiber have in the body?
Answer
A
B
39
Which of the following is a sign of Marasmus?
Answer
(C)
Severe muscle wasting
40
What are the characteristics of a diet of a pregnant women?
Answer
A
C
41
Which of the following is a factor that influences BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)?
Answer
A
B
C
42
What is the primary function of fats?
Answer
(D)
Providing energy
43
What is the role of the liver in metabolism?
Answer
(C)
Plays a major role in processing and storing nutrients
44
Which foods should be limited to ensure a healthy diet?
Answer
(C)
Processed foods
45
Which of the following is the main type of sugar absorbed from food?
Answer
(A)
Glucose
46
What are some factors that can contribute to obesity?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
47
Which of the following foods contains all the essential amino acids?
Answer
(C)
Eggs
48
What is the role of cholesterol in the body?
Answer
(B)
Helps build cell membranes
49
Which of the following is a characteristic of a balanced diet?
Answer
(A)
Includes all nutrients in appropriate amounts
50
What is the term for the energy expended to digest, absorb, and metabolize food?
Answer
(D)
Specific dynamic action