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Essential Biochemistry - Mechanism Of Hormone Action (Section 1)

1
Where are the receptors for Group II hormones located?
Answer
(C)
Cell membrane
2
Which of the following enzymes is directly activated by cAMP?
Answer
(A)
Protein Kinase A
3
The activation of which enzyme initiates the Phosphatidylinositol-calcium pathway?
Answer
(B)
Phospholipase C
4
What is a key characteristic of steroid hormones that allows them to interact with intracellular receptors?
Answer
(C)
They can easily cross the cell membrane
5
Which of the following hormones act via the cAMP second messenger pathway?
Answer
A
B
6
Water soluble hormones have cell surface receptors, except:
Answer
(C)
Thyroxine
7
Which second messenger is produced by the action of phospholipase C on PIP2?
Answer
B
C
D
8
Which of the following is a direct result of the activation of adenylate cyclase?
Answer
(B)
Production of cAMP
9
In the context of hormone action, which molecules directly stimulate protein kinases?
Answer
A
B
10
Second messenger that mobilizes intracellular calcium is:
Answer
(C)
Inositol triphosphate
11
Which of the following is an example of a steroid hormone?
Answer
(C)
Cortisol
12
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane receptor mechanism?
Answer
(D)
DNA
13
What is the primary function of the G protein in the cell membrane receptor mechanism?
Answer
(C)
To activate downstream enzymes
14
Hormones that have intracellular receptors:
Answer
(A)
Glucocorticoids
15
What is the primary result of the binding of a hormone to an intracellular receptor?
Answer
(B)
Altered gene transcription
16
Which of the following best describes the role of a hormone receptor complex?
Answer
(C)
Activating the receptor itself.
17
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hormones?
Answer
(D)
They are always peptides or proteins.
18
Which second messenger activates protein kinase C (PKC)?
Answer
(C)
DAG
19
Which of the following is NOT a second messenger in hormone action?
Answer
(D)
Hormone
20
What is the role of the hormone response element (HRE)?
Answer
(C)
To regulate gene transcription.
21
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hormones?
Answer
(D)
They are always peptides or proteins.
22
Which of the following best describes the function of the Hormone Response Element (HRE)?
Answer
(B)
To directly activate genes
23
Which of the following hormone types primarily utilize second messenger systems?
Answer
(C)
Peptide hormones
24
Which of the following is a key component of G-protein activation?
Answer
(B)
Exchange of GDP for GTP
25
Which of the following is involved in the Phosphatidylinositol pathway?
Answer
(C)
Phospholipase C
26
What process directly follows the binding of a hormone to its receptor on the cell surface?
Answer
(B)
Activation of a G-protein
27
Which of the following hormone classes typically uses intracellular receptors?
Answer
A
C
28
Binding of the following hormones to receptor activate adenylate cyclase, except:
Answer
(D)
Thyroxine
29
Which component is typically involved in the signal transduction pathway of hormones that bind to cell-surface receptors?
Answer
(B)
G-proteins
30
Which of the following is a second messenger that mobilizes intracellular calcium?
Answer
B
D
31
Which of the following is NOT a function of a second messenger?
Answer
(C)
Binding directly to DNA.
32
Which of the following is an example of a steroid hormone?
Answer
(C)
Cortisol
33
In the cAMP pathway, what directly activates protein kinase A?
Answer
(A)
cAMP
34
Which hormones use a cell membrane receptor mechanism?
Answer
(C)
Peptide hormones
35
What type of hormones require receptors located on the outer surface of the cell?
Answer
(C)
Peptide hormones
36
Where are hormones of Group I typically found?
Answer
(D)
Both in the cytoplasm and nucleus
37
What is the function of adenylyl cyclase?
Answer
(B)
To produce cAMP
38
Which of the following is activated by cAMP?
Answer
(C)
cAMP-dependent protein kinase
39
The second messenger c-AMP leads to which of the following?
Answer
(A)
Activation of Protein Kinase A
40
The following are the intracellular second messenger for hormone action, except:
Answer
(D)
NADPH
41
Which of the following are examples of second messengers?
Answer
A
B
C
42
Where are the receptors for group II hormones located?
Answer
(C)
Outer surface of the target cell
43
What is the role of protein kinase?
Answer
(B)
To phosphorylate specific proteins
44
The following are the intracellular second messenger for hormone action, except:
Answer
(D)
NADPH
45
Which second messenger activates protein kinase C (PKC)?
Answer
(C)
DAG
46
Which of the following is a characteristic of peptide or protein hormones?
Answer
(B)
Water-soluble
47
Where is adenylate cyclase located?
Answer
(B)
Cell membrane
48
Binding of the following hormones to receptor activate adenylate cyclase, except:
Answer
(D)
Thyroxine
49
Which of the following is NOT a steroid hormone?
Answer
(C)
Thyroid hormone
50
Which molecule is converted into cAMP?
Answer
(B)
ATP