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Essential Biochemistry - Lipid Metabolism (Section 4)

1
A key intermediate in the biosynthesis of both glycerophospholipid and triacylglycerol is:
Answer
A
D
2
What is the net yield of ATP during the complete oxidation of a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid?
Answer
(D)
146
3
Which of the following processes is activated by insulin?
Answer
(A)
Lipogenesis
4
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of the atherosclerotic process?
Answer
(D)
Increased HDL levels
5
Which of the following dietary components can increase LDL cholesterol levels?
Answer
A
B
C
6
Which of the following processes does fatty acid synthase complex perform?
Answer
(C)
Synthesis of fatty acids
7
What is the starting molecule for cholesterol synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Acetyl-CoA
8
Which of the following lipoproteins transports cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver?
Answer
(D)
HDL
9
Which of the following is a major function of the VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein)?
Answer
(C)
Transporting triglycerides synthesized in the liver to tissues.
10
Which of the following reactions is NOT a step in the fatty acid synthesis catalyzed by the fatty acid synthase complex?
Answer
(D)
Decarboxylation
11
What is the purpose of NADPH in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
As an electron donor in reduction reactions
12
In what organelle does the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine occur?
Answer
(B)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
13
The following are the features of the fatty acid synthase complex, except:
Answer
(C)
It requires biotin as a cofactor
14
Which of the following is not a role of lipoproteins?
Answer
(D)
Synthesize Fatty acids
15
Bile acids are derived from:
Answer
(D)
Cholesterol
16
Which of the following statements about LDL is correct?
Answer
(B)
LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues.
17
What is the role of statins in the treatment of hyperlipidemia?
Answer
(B)
Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
18
Which of the following is the main source of glycerol-3-phosphate for triacylglycerol synthesis in adipose tissue?
Answer
(C)
Glucose
19
What is the primary function of VLDL?
Answer
(B)
Transporting triglycerides from the liver to tissues
20
What is the role of oxaloacetate in fatty acid metabolism?
Answer
(D)
Both b and c.
21
Which enzyme is the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
22
What is the main purpose of reverse cholesterol transport?
Answer
(B)
To transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.
23
What is the role of acyl carrier protein (ACP) in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Carries the growing fatty acyl chain
24
Which process is involved in the breakdown of stored triacylglycerols?
Answer
(B)
Lipolysis
25
Which metabolic pathway primarily utilizes fatty acids as a source of energy?
Answer
(B)
Beta-oxidation
26
All of the following are amphipathic lipids, except:
Answer
(A)
Triacylglycerol
27
Which of the following contribute to the synthesis of fatty acids?
Answer
A
B
28
Number of β-oxidation cycles undergo a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid:
Answer
(B)
7
29
Satiety value of fat is due to which of the following hormone?
Answer
(D)
Enterogastron
30
Which of the following is a major substrate for the synthesis of triacylglycerols in the liver?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
31
Which of the following lipids are transported by chylomicrons?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
32
The concentration of the following is inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular disease:
Answer
(A)
HDL
33
What is the role of Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs)?
Answer
(B)
Transport triacylglycerols synthesized in the liver to peripheral tissues.
34
Where does beta-oxidation of fatty acids primarily occur?
Answer
(B)
Mitochondria
35
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the formation of cholesterol esters?
Answer
(C)
LCAT
36
Which process describes the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids?
Answer
(B)
Lipolysis
37
Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver for excretion or reuse?
Answer
(D)
HDL
38
What is the primary function of the enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase?
Answer
(B)
Activates fatty acids by converting them to acyl-CoA.
39
Which of the following is a characteristic of the synthesis of ketone bodies?
Answer
(B)
Occurs only in the liver.
40
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols in the small intestine?
Answer
(C)
Pancreatic lipase
41
What is the function of a lipoprotein?
Answer
(B)
Lipid transport
42
Which of the following lipids is not a component of lipoproteins?
Answer
(D)
Amino acids
43
β-oxidation of fatty acids in liver:
Answer
(C)
Occurs in the mitochondria
44
Which of the following activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
Answer
(A)
Citrate
45
What molecule is a carrier of the acetyl group in the fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
ACP
46
Which of the following inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
Answer
(C)
Palmitoyl-CoA
47
Where are triacylglycerols primarily stored?
Answer
(B)
Adipose tissue
48
The risk of heart attack can be decreased by, except:
Answer
(B)
Lowered level of HDL
49
What are the products of lipolysis?
Answer
(A)
Glycerol and fatty acids
50
What is the role of ATP in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Energy source