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Essential Biochemistry - Lipid Metabolism (Section 12)

1
Which of the following statements is correct for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Requires NADPH as a cofactor
2
What is the precursor for ceramide synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Palmitoyl-CoA and Serine
3
Which enzyme is responsible for the transport of acyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix?
Answer
(B)
Carnitine acyltransferase I
4
Which of the following statements best describes the role of cholesterol esters?
Answer
(C)
They are the storage form of cholesterol in lipoproteins.
5
Which hormone stimulates lipolysis in adipose tissue?
Answer
(B)
Glucagon
6
Which of the following is the main source of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) in adipocytes?
Answer
(A)
From glycerol
7
Where does fatty acid synthesis take place within a cell?
Answer
(B)
Cytoplasm
8
In which cellular compartment does fatty acid synthesis occur?
Answer
(B)
Cytoplasm
9
Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of bile acids?
Answer
(B)
Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase
10
Where does fatty acid synthesis mainly take place in a cell?
Answer
(B)
Cytoplasm
11
What molecule is required for the transfer of fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation?
Answer
(B)
Carnitine
12
Bile acids are derived from:
Answer
(D)
Cholesterol
13
Which molecule is a precursor for the synthesis of sphingolipids?
Answer
(B)
Palmitoyl-CoA and serine
14
What is the main function of chylomicrons in the body?
Answer
(A)
Transporting dietary lipids from the intestine.
15
What is the role of carnitine in fatty acid metabolism?
Answer
(B)
It transports fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation.
16
Which of the following molecules stimulates the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue?
Answer
(C)
Glucagon
17
Which of the following is a product of fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Palmitate
18
Which process is inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA?
Answer
(A)
Fatty acid synthesis
19
What is the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid oxidation?
Answer
(B)
Carnitine acyltransferase I
20
What is the primary storage form of fatty acids?
Answer
(B)
Triglycerides
21
Which of the following is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis?
Answer
A
C
22
Which of the following lipids is a precursor for ceramide?
Answer
(B)
Palmitoyl-CoA and serine
23
Rate controlling step of cholesterol biosynthesis is:
Answer
(B)
HMG-CoA → Mevalonic acid → CoA
24
What is the role of insulin in lipid metabolism?
Answer
B
C
25
Which of the following diseases involves the accumulation of sphingomyelin?
Answer
(B)
Niemann-Pick disease
26
What are the lipotropic factors? (Referring to case history 3)
Answer
A
B
C
27
Which enzyme is the key regulatory enzyme in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
28
Which of the following are required for beta-oxidation?
Answer
A
B
C
29
What is the function of HDL (high-density lipoprotein)?
Answer
(B)
To transport cholesterol from the tissues to the liver
30
Which of the following ketone bodies cannot be metabolized in human body?
Answer
(B)
Acetone
31
Which of the following is a key regulator of beta-oxidation?
Answer
(A)
Carnitine acyltransferase I
32
What molecule is required for the transport of fatty acids from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix?
Answer
(B)
Carnitine
33
Which of the following is a ketone body?
Answer
(B)
Acetoacetate
34
What is the primary function of chylomicrons?
Answer
(A)
Transport triglycerides from the intestine
35
Which of the following is not a component of a phospholipid?
Answer
(D)
Cholesterol
36
What is the role of catalase in ethanol metabolism?
Answer
(D)
Removes hydrogen peroxide
37
Where does fatty acid oxidation (beta-oxidation) occur?
Answer
(B)
Mitochondria
38
Which of the following is/are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids?
Answer
A
B
39
What are the key components of a lipoprotein?
Answer
A
B
C
D
40
What is the end product of glycolysis?
Answer
(A)
Pyruvic acid
41
What is the role of the liver in cholesterol metabolism?
Answer
(A)
Synthesis, excretion in bile, and repackaging into lipoproteins
42
What is the primary function of chylomicrons?
Answer
(A)
To transport dietary fats from the intestine to other tissues.
43
Which enzyme participates in ethanol oxidation?
Answer
A
B
C
44
Which of the following is the major catabolic pathway for cholesterol?
Answer
(A)
Conversion to bile acids
45
Which of the following statements about fatty liver disease is true?
Answer
(B)
It is characterized by an accumulation of triglycerides in the liver.
46
Which of the following statements is true regarding VLDL?
Answer
(C)
They transport triglycerides from the liver.
47
Which of the following are synthesized from cholesterol?
Answer
A
B
C
48
What is the role of hormone-sensitive lipase?
Answer
(A)
Hydrolyzes triacylglycerols in adipose tissue.
49
In what form are fatty acids transported in the bloodstream?
Answer
(A)
Free fatty acids bound to albumin
50
Where does LCAT (Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) reaction occur?
Answer
(C)
Plasma