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Essential Biochemistry - Lipid Metabolism (Section 1)

1
What is the primary function of the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
Answer
(C)
To carboxylate acetyl-CoA.
2
Which enzyme is deficient in Fabry disease?
Answer
(C)
α-galactosidase A
3
What is the most abundant lipid in cell membranes?
Answer
(C)
Phospholipids
4
What is the role of insulin in the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue?
Answer
(C)
Activates lipoprotein lipase
5
Which of the following is a factor that can decrease the synthesis of cholesterol?
Answer
B
D
6
What is the function of ketone bodies?
Answer
(C)
To provide an alternative fuel source for the brain during starvation.
7
Which of the following is the major end-product of the fatty acid synthase complex?
Answer
(B)
Palmitate
8
What is the role of LCAT (Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase)?
Answer
(A)
To esterify cholesterol in HDL
9
Which molecule is the precursor to fatty acyl-CoA in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA
10
What is the source of carbon atoms in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(D)
Both Acetyl-CoA and Malonyl-CoA
11
Which of the following is a source of Acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
12
What is the primary role of the chylomicrons?
Answer
(B)
Transporting dietary fats from intestine
13
What is the main function of cholesterol in the body?
Answer
A
B
D
14
Which of the following statements is true regarding the synthesis of cholesterol?
Answer
(B)
It is synthesized from acetyl-CoA
15
Which hormone stimulates lipolysis in adipose tissue?
Answer
(B)
Glucagon
16
Where does fatty acid synthesis primarily occur?
Answer
(A)
Liver and adipose tissue
17
Which pathway supplies NADPH for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
18
Which enzyme catalyzes the condensation reaction in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Fatty acid synthase
19
Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing triacylglycerols in chylomicrons?
Answer
(B)
Lipoprotein lipase
20
Which of the following statements about fatty acid synthesis is correct?
Answer
(B)
It requires NADPH.
21
What is the net ATP yield from the complete oxidation of a molecule of palmitic acid (16:0)?
Answer
(B)
106 ATP
22
Which of the following activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
Answer
(A)
Citrate
23
In what cellular location does fatty acid elongation occur?
Answer
(C)
Endoplasmic reticulum
24
Which of the following is a characteristic of Tangier disease?
Answer
(B)
Reduced levels of HDL.
25
In which cellular compartment are fatty acids synthesized?
Answer
(B)
Cytosol
26
Which of the following molecules is the main product of beta-oxidation?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA
27
In which cellular location does fatty acid oxidation primarily occur?
Answer
(B)
Mitochondrial matrix
28
What is the role of the liver in lipid metabolism?
Answer
A
B
C
D
29
Which enzyme is defective in Niemann-Pick disease?
Answer
(A)
Sphingomyelinase
30
Which apolipoprotein is a key component of HDL and involved in reverse cholesterol transport?
Answer
(B)
ApoA-I
31
What is the product of the fatty acid synthase complex?
Answer
(B)
Palmitate
32
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the committed step of fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
33
What is the main component of chylomicrons?
Answer
(C)
Triglycerides
34
What is the role of the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase I?
Answer
(A)
Catalyzes the first step of fatty acid oxidation.
35
What are the two key components of lipoproteins?
Answer
A
B
36
What enzyme is deficient in Tay-Sachs disease?
Answer
(A)
Hexosaminidase A
37
What is the role of chylomicrons in lipid metabolism?
Answer
(B)
Transport dietary lipids from the intestine to tissues.
38
What enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)?
Answer
(A)
Phosphatidylcholine synthase
39
Which of the following is a characteristic of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex?
Answer
(C)
Contains multiple enzymatic activities
40
What molecules is involved in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria?
Answer
(A)
Carnitine
41
Which of the following is a regulatory enzyme in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
42
What is the basic structure of a sphingolipid?
Answer
(C)
Sphingosine backbone with a fatty acid and a polar head group
43
Which of the following is considered 'good cholesterol'?
Answer
(D)
HDL
44
Which of the following is a precursor for the formation of cholesterol esters?
Answer
(A)
Free cholesterol
45
NADPH, utilized for synthesis of fatty acid, can be generated from:
Answer
A
C
46
Which of the following molecules is a precursor for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl-CoA
47
Which of the following is a key enzyme in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
48
What is the role of carnitine in fatty acid metabolism?
Answer
(A)
It transports fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane
49
Which molecule is required for the carboxylation reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
Answer
(A)
ATP
50
What is the role of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex?
Answer
(B)
Synthesizes fatty acids from Acetyl-CoA.