Sign In

Essential Biochemistry - Integration Of Metabolism And Metabolism In Starvation (Section 1)

1
Which of the following is directly involved in the synthesis of ketone bodies?
Answer
(B)
Fatty acids
2
Which of the following processes plays an essential role in maintaining blood glucose during short-term and prolonged starvation?
Answer
(D)
Gluconeogenesis
3
What is the primary role of the liver during starvation?
Answer
(B)
Production of ketone bodies and glucose
4
What is the fate of ketone bodies?
Answer
(B)
Used as an energy source by the brain
5
In which tissue does gluconeogenesis primarily occur during starvation?
Answer
(B)
Liver
6
Which of the following best describes the metabolic changes occurring during prolonged starvation?
Answer
(D)
Decreased insulin, increased glucagon
7
The process by which fatty acids are broken down to produce energy is called:
Answer
(C)
Beta-oxidation
8
The role of skeletal muscle during starvation includes:
Answer
A
B
C
9
What is the primary source of energy for the heart muscle during starvation?
Answer
(C)
Ketone bodies
10
During prolonged starvation, the body attempts to conserve glucose by:
Answer
C
D
11
The brain's reliance on ketone bodies as an energy source during prolonged starvation is an example of:
Answer
(A)
Metabolic flexibility
12
Which of the following is a key function of adipose tissue during starvation?
Answer
(C)
Storage of triacylglycerols
13
During the first few days of starvation, there is a rapid breakdown of muscle protein, providing amino acids, alanine and glutamine for:
Answer
(D)
gluconeogenesis
14
During prolonged starvation, the rate of muscle protein breakdown:
Answer
(B)
Decreases
15
What happens to insulin level during starvation?
Answer
(B)
Decrease
16
The primary fuel source for the brain during early starvation is:
Answer
(B)
Glucose
17
Which organ contains stored glycogen?
Answer
(B)
Liver
18
What is a sign of long-term starvation?
Answer
B
D
19
What is the fate of glycerol released by the degradation of triacylglycerol?
Answer
(A)
Converted to glucose in the liver
20
During starvation, what is the major source of glucose for the body after the initial glycogen stores are depleted?
Answer
(C)
Gluconeogenesis
21
During starvation, what is the role of the liver in the metabolism of fatty acids?
Answer
(C)
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids and ketone body production
22
In prolonged starvation, the body minimizes protein loss by:
Answer
(C)
Using ketone bodies and fatty acids as fuel
23
What is the main source of ketone bodies during starvation?
Answer
(B)
Fatty acids
24
Which of the following contribute to the elevated levels of ketone bodies during starvation?
Answer
A
B
C
25
Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for the metabolic adaptations seen during starvation?
Answer
(B)
Glucagon
26
During prolonged fasting, which of the following best describes the changes in blood glucose levels?
Answer
(D)
Blood glucose levels initially decrease, then gradually increase.
27
What happens to free fatty acids released from adipose tissue during starvation?
Answer
(C)
They are oxidized to produce energy.
28
Which of the following metabolic processes decreases during prolonged starvation?
Answer
(D)
Glycogenolysis
29
During starvation, which of the following will be the major form of energy source for muscles?
Answer
(B)
Fatty acid
30
In which of the following conditions will fatty acids be used for energy production?
Answer
A
B
31
The first priority of metabolism in starvation is to provide which of the following substances to the brain and other tissues?
Answer
(C)
Glucose
32
Which organ serves as the primary site for gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(B)
Liver
33
In prolonged starvation, the main energy source of brain is:
Answer
(B)
Ketone bodies
34
The major glucogenic amino acid coming from muscle to liver for gluconeogenesis during starvation is:
Answer
(C)
Alanine
35
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the metabolic response to starvation?
Answer
(C)
Increased insulin levels
36
Which of the following is NOT a substrate used for gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(C)
Fatty acids
37
In the liver, during starvation, which of the following is the major process to maintain blood glucose levels?
Answer
(C)
Gluconeogenesis
38
What is the primary function of ketone bodies in starvation?
Answer
(A)
To provide energy to the brain
39
In starvation, muscle protein is spared by:
Answer
(A)
Using fatty acids and ketone bodies
40
Which of the following is *not* a metabolic adaptation during starvation?
Answer
(C)
Decreased ketogenesis
41
What is the main substrate for gluconeogenesis during the initial stages of starvation?
Answer
(C)
Amino acids
42
Which process can also be used to convert fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, which can be converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(A)
Propionyl-CoA
43
Which of the following best describes the role of insulin during starvation?
Answer
(B)
Decreased levels to promote glucose release
44
What process is essential in order to provide sufficient glucose to the brain and other tissues during the first phase of starvation?
Answer
(A)
Glycogenolysis
45
Under conditions of carbohydrate shortage, available fuels are oxidized in the following order of preference:
Answer
(C)
Fatty acids
46
In adipose tissue, what is the role of lipolysis during starvation?
Answer
(C)
To release fatty acids
47
The primary function of the adipose tissue is the storage of metabolic fuel in the form of:
Answer
(A)
triglycerides
48
What effect does starvation have on the blood levels of fatty acids?
Answer
(B)
Increase
49
What metabolic process is LEAST active during starvation?
Answer
(D)
Lipogenesis
50
The role of skeletal muscle includes which of the following?
Answer
(D)
All of the above.