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Essential Biochemistry - Genetic Engineering (Section 1)

1
A scientist wants to identify a specific gene within a large genome. Which technique would be most suitable?
Answer
(B)
Southern Blot
2
What does the term 'transgenic' mean?
Answer
(A)
An organism with a modified genome
3
Which of the following is a benefit of using recombinant DNA technology?
Answer
A
B
D
4
What is an advantage of using PCR?
Answer
(C)
It can amplify a specific DNA sequence
5
Which technique is used to detect specific RNA molecules?
Answer
(B)
Northern Blot
6
Which of the following is NOT required for PCR?
Answer
(C)
Restriction enzymes
7
What process does a restriction enzyme perform?
Answer
(C)
Cutting DNA
8
What is the purpose of Taq polymerase in PCR?
Answer
(C)
To synthesize new DNA strands
9
What does RFLP stand for?
Answer
(B)
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
10
Which blotting technique is used to analyze proteins?
Answer
(C)
Western Blot
11
What is a cDNA library?
Answer
(B)
A collection of cDNA clones representing the expressed genes in a cell
12
What is the role of a selectable marker in a cloning vector?
Answer
(B)
To identify cells that have successfully taken up the vector
13
Which is NOT a common application of recombinant DNA technology?
Answer
(D)
Production of gasoline
14
What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?
Answer
(B)
To cut DNA at specific sequences
15
What is the main function of a cloning vector?
Answer
(B)
To amplify a DNA fragment
16
Cloning a technique developed for amplifying the quantity of DNA in vitro
Answer
(C)
DNA
17
Which techniques would be useful to test the presence of a specific DNA sequence?
Answer
A
D
18
What is the purpose of a selectable marker in a cloning vector?
Answer
(B)
To identify cells containing the vector
19
Restriction endonucleases are enzymes:
Answer
(B)
Which clears DNA at specific sequences
20
Restriction endonuclease has the following characteristics, except:
Answer
(D)
Cut DNA randomly
21
The process of joining of DNA fragments to form a hybrid molecule is called:
Answer
(B)
Ligation
22
What is the function of DNA ligase?
Answer
(C)
To join DNA fragments
23
What is the role of a primer in PCR?
Answer
(C)
To initiate DNA synthesis
24
Which of the following techniques is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?
Answer
(B)
Gel electrophoresis
25
What is a main goal of genetic engineering?
Answer
(B)
To alter the genetic makeup of an organism
26
Which technique is used to amplify a specific DNA sequence?
Answer
(B)
PCR
27
Which one of the following is not an enzyme?
Answer
(A)
DNA ligase
28
Most commonly used cloning vectors are:
Answer
(D)
All of the above
29
Which of the following is a key component of a cloning vector?
Answer
A
B
C
30
What is the role of a selectable marker in a cloning vector?
Answer
(B)
To identify cells that have taken up the vector.
31
In recombinant DNA technology, what does the term 'vector' refer to?
Answer
(D)
The carrier molecule (e.g., plasmid) used to introduce foreign DNA into a host cell
32
Which of the following techniques can be used to detect the presence of a specific protein?
Answer
(C)
Western Blot
33
What is the process of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell called?
Answer
(C)
Transformation
34
Which one of the following enzyme is required for PCR?
Answer
(B)
Taq polymerase
35
What is gene therapy?
Answer
(A)
The use of genes to treat diseases
36
Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of creating recombinant DNA?
Answer
(D)
Using a ribosome to synthesize the protein
37
Southern blot is a technique used for analysis of
Answer
(D)
DNA
38
What is a plasmid?
Answer
(C)
An extrachromosomal DNA molecule
39
What is the purpose of a DNA library?
Answer
(C)
To store DNA fragments
40
What is the role of a promoter region in a gene?
Answer
(B)
To signal the start of transcription
41
Restriction endonucleases are enzymes
Answer
(B)
Which shares DNA at specific sequences
42
What is the primary goal of gene therapy?
Answer
(A)
To replace faulty genes with healthy genes
43
What is the role of the annealing step in PCR?
Answer
(B)
To allow primers to bind to the DNA template
44
Which enzyme is used to seal the gaps between DNA fragments during cloning?
Answer
(B)
DNA Ligase
45
Which of the following is a technique used for gene cloning?
Answer
(C)
PCR
46
What is a transgenic organism?
Answer
(A)
An organism that has a foreign gene introduced into its genome.
47
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in recombinant DNA technology?
Answer
(B)
To separate DNA fragments by size
48
What is the role of reverse transcriptase in cDNA library construction?
Answer
(A)
To convert mRNA to cDNA
49
What is the role of the primer in PCR?
Answer
(B)
To provide a starting point for DNA polymerase
50
What is the name of the process by which a virus transfers genetic material to a bacterium?
Answer
(B)
Transduction