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Essential Biochemistry - Carbohydrate Metabolism (Section 9)

1
Which enzyme is responsible for the final step of glycogenolysis, producing free glucose?
Answer
(D)
Glucose-6-phosphatase
2
Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of a normal glucose tolerance curve?
Answer
(D)
Glucose level stays elevated for several hours after ingestion.
3
Which of the following processes is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors?
Answer
(C)
Gluconeogenesis
4
What is the initial glucose load given during an oral glucose tolerance test?
Answer
(C)
75 g
5
What molecule is produced during the first step of glycolysis?
Answer
(A)
Glucose-6-phosphate
6
Which of the following is an allosteric regulator of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)?
Answer
(C)
AMP
7
What is the primary function of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(B)
To produce NADPH and precursors for nucleotide synthesis
8
What enzyme is responsible for the digestion of starch in the mouth?
Answer
(A)
Amylase
9
Which of the following is/are a product(s) of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?
Answer
A
B
10
Which of the following enzymes is directly involved in the breakdown of glycogen?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen phosphorylase
11
What are the main symptoms of diabetes?
Answer
A
B
C
12
Which of the following is a regulator of the PDH complex?
Answer
(B)
NADH
13
In the liver, insulin increases the use of glucose by:
Answer
(B)
Glycogenesis
14
Which of the following is a characteristic of a decreased glucose tolerance?
Answer
A
C
15
Which enzyme is a regulatory enzyme in the Citric Acid Cycle?
Answer
(B)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
16
Which of the following is the enzyme that converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose?
Answer
(B)
Glucose-6-phosphatase
17
What is the role of galactokinase?
Answer
(A)
Phosphorylates galactose
18
Which of the following conditions is associated with increased blood glucose levels?
Answer
A
C
19
What condition is associated with a deficiency in the enzyme lactase?
Answer
(B)
Lactose intolerance
20
In which of the following conditions might decreased glucose tolerance be observed?
Answer
A
B
21
What is the role of the liver in maintaining blood glucose levels in response to hypoglycemia?
Answer
(C)
Breaking down glycogen (glycogenolysis).
22
Which of the following is the precursor for the biosynthesis of L-Glutamate?
Answer
(D)
L-galactose
23
Which of these enzymes is involved in the regulation of glycolysis?
Answer
A
B
C
24
Where does the conversion of pyruvate to glucose primarily occur?
Answer
(B)
Liver
25
Which of the following is a branch point for both glycogen synthesis and degradation?
Answer
(C)
Glucose-6-phosphate
26
Which metabolic pathway is primarily responsible for producing NADPH?
Answer
(C)
Pentose phosphate pathway
27
Which of the following is/are true regarding the Cori cycle?
Answer
A
B
28
In what form is glucose stored in animals?
Answer
(A)
Glycogen
29
Which enzyme is deficient in essential fructosuria?
Answer
(A)
Fructokinase
30
Which organ is primarily responsible for the synthesis of glycogen?
Answer
(B)
Liver
31
What is the function of pyruvate carboxylase in gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(B)
Converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate.
32
Where does glycolysis take place?
Answer
(A)
Cytoplasm
33
Which of the following is a characteristic of gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(C)
Gluconeogenesis shares the same pathway but opposite direction.
34
What is the role of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver?
Answer
(B)
To convert glucose-6-phosphate to glucose
35
Which hormone increases blood glucose levels?
Answer
(B)
Glucagon
36
Which of the following processes requires ATP?
Answer
(B)
Glycogenesis
37
What is the role of insulin in muscle tissue regarding glucose metabolism?
Answer
(C)
Stimulates glucose uptake
38
Which of the following enzymes is involved in gluconeogenesis?
Answer
A
B
C
39
What is the primary function of the Citric Acid Cycle?
Answer
(B)
To produce NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain
40
What is the most common treatment for Type 2 diabetes?
Answer
(D)
Lifestyle modifications