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Essential Biochemistry - Carbohydrate Metabolism (Section 8)

1
Which hormone promotes glycogenolysis?
Answer
B
C
2
Which of the following processes occurs in the mitochondria?
Answer
(B)
Citric Acid Cycle
3
What is the major function of insulin?
Answer
(C)
Promote glucose uptake by cells
4
What does G-6-PD deficiency lead to?
Answer
(C)
Hemolytic anemia
5
What is the main cause of essential fructosuria?
Answer
(B)
Deficiency of fructokinase
6
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose?
Answer
(B)
Glucose-6-phosphatase
7
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of glycogen?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen synthase
8
Which of the following are products of the first phase (oxidative phase) of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?
Answer
A
B
C
9
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Answer
(A)
High blood glucose, ketone bodies, and metabolic acidosis
10
What is the role of the liver in glucose homeostasis?
Answer
A
B
C
11
Which of the following is a key characteristic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer
(C)
Insulin resistance
12
What molecule is required by glycogen synthase to add a glucose residue to a glycogen chain?
Answer
(B)
UDP-glucose
13
Which of the following best describes the effect of glucagon?
Answer
(C)
Increases glucose production by the liver
14
What is the cause of the most common type of G-6-PD deficiency?
Answer
(A)
Defective G-6-PD gene
15
What are the main types of diabetes mellitus?
Answer
A
B
C
D
16
What is the role of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(B)
It converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.
17
Where does gluconeogenesis primarily occur?
Answer
(B)
Liver and Kidney
18
Which of the following is the first step in the metabolism of Galactose?
Answer
(C)
Galactose is phosphorylated to galactose-1-phosphate.
19
Which of the following is the primary precursor for gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(B)
Pyruvate
20
What is the role of insulin in the liver?
Answer
A
B
21
In which cellular location does glycogenolysis primarily occur?
Answer
(A)
Cytosol
22
Which pathway does fructose enter glycolysis?
Answer
(D)
After being converted to fructose-6-phosphate
23
The end product of the citric acid cycle is
Answer
B
C
D
24
Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen phosphorylase
25
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the breakdown of fructose?
Answer
(B)
Fructokinase
26
Which of the following describes a key function of the liver in glucose metabolism?
Answer
(A)
Regulation of the blood glucose level
27
In Type 1 diabetes mellitus, what is primarily damaged?
Answer
(A)
Beta cells of the pancreas
28
What is the process by which glucose is converted to pyruvate?
Answer
(A)
Glycolysis
29
Which of the following is a substrate of glycogen synthase?
Answer
(C)
UDP-glucose
30
Which of the following pathways is responsible for the synthesis of glycogen?
Answer
(B)
Glycogenesis
31
Which enzyme is deficient in the most common form of Galactosemia?
Answer
(C)
UDP-galactose-4-epimerase
32
What molecules are produced by the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(B)
NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
33
Which of the following is a symptom of acromegaly?
Answer
(A)
Hyperglycemia
34
Which of the following is NOT a step in glycolysis?
Answer
(D)
Oxidative phosphorylation
35
What is the fate of excess glucose in the body?
Answer
A
B
36
In the context of lactose intolerance, what is the cause of abdominal discomfort and bloating?
Answer
(B)
Fermentation of lactose by bacteria in the colon
37
What is the role of insulin in muscle cells?
Answer
(B)
Stimulating glycogen synthesis
38
What is the most accurate test used for diagnosing diabetes?
Answer
(C)
HbA1c test
39
What is the net production of ATP molecules during glycolysis per glucose molecule?
Answer
(B)
2
40
In which organ does fructose metabolism primarily occur?
Answer
(B)
Liver
41
Which of the following is an example of an allosteric activator of glycogen phosphorylase?
Answer
(C)
AMP
42
In the liver, what is the role of insulin in glucose metabolism?
Answer
A
B
43
Which of the following is/are produced during the Citric Acid Cycle?
Answer
A
B
C
44
What is the starting material of the Urea cycle?
Answer
(B)
Ammonia
45
What enzyme deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia in patients with G-6-PD deficiency?
Answer
(A)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
46
Which of the following conditions would likely lead to elevated blood glucose levels?
Answer
A
B
47
What is the role of ATP in the Citric Acid Cycle?
Answer
(B)
It is a product
48
Which of the following are key regulatory enzymes of glycogen metabolism?
Answer
A
B
49
What is the process that breaks down glycogen?
Answer
(B)
Glycogenolysis
50
What are the primary products of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
B
C
D