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Essential Biochemistry - Carbohydrate Metabolism (Section 3)

1
What molecules are required for gluconeogenesis?
Answer
A
B
C
2
In the context of glycogenolysis, what is the role of the debranching enzyme?
Answer
(C)
To remove glucose residues from branch points.
3
What molecule is the starting substrate for the formation of glucose-6-phosphate in glycogen synthesis?
Answer
(A)
Glucose
4
Which enzyme is directly involved in converting fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate?
Answer
(B)
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
5
Which of the following statements about glycolysis is/are true?
Answer
A
B
D
6
How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels?
Answer
(B)
Increases blood glucose
7
Which of the following is/are true about the control of enzyme activity in metabolic pathways?
Answer
A
B
C
8
Which enzyme is responsible for the phosphorylation of glycogen?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen phosphorylase
9
Which of the following monosaccharides is converted to glucose in the liver?
Answer
(A)
Fructose
10
What is the primary function of NADPH produced via the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(C)
Reduction of oxidative stress
11
Which of the following stimulates glycogenolysis?
Answer
(C)
High glucagon levels
12
The main role of glucagon in carbohydrate metabolism is to:
Answer
(B)
Promote glycogenolysis
13
What is the key role of NADPH in metabolic pathways?
Answer
(B)
Reducing agent
14
What is the role of aldolase in glycolysis?
Answer
(B)
It converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two 3-carbon molecules.
15
Which enzyme converts pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(B)
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
16
Which of the following is the enzyme that is used to initiate glycogenesis?
Answer
(A)
Glycogen synthase
17
The first step in the pathway, catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in the role of:
Answer
(B)
Pentose phosphate pathway
18
What is the role of insulin in glucose metabolism?
Answer
(C)
Increasing glucose uptake by cells
19
How is diabetes mellitus primarily classified?
Answer
(B)
By cause and insulin dependence
20
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
Answer
(B)
Phosphofructokinase-1
21
What is the role of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?
Answer
(A)
Increases blood glucose
22
What is a common symptom of diabetes mellitus?
Answer
(C)
Increased thirst
23
Which pathway is directly impaired due to G6PD deficiency?
Answer
(C)
Pentose phosphate pathway
24
What enzyme adds glucose residues to a growing glycogen chain?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen synthase
25
What would be the expected blood glucose levels in a person with diabetes during fasting?
Answer
(D)
Greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL
26
Which enzyme deficiency is associated with the development of essential fructosuria?
Answer
(A)
Fructokinase
27
Which enzyme deficiency causes McArdle's disease?
Answer
(A)
Muscle phosphorylase
28
G-6-PD deficiency is most commonly associated with:
Answer
(B)
Hemolytic anemia
29
Which of the following reactions is bypassed in gluconeogenesis compared to glycolysis?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
30
The conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to UDP-glucose requires:
Answer
(B)
UTP
31
What is the key role of NADPH produced in the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(B)
Reducing oxidative stress
32
Which enzyme is NOT involved in gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(D)
Phosphofructokinase
33
What are the substrates for gluconeogenesis?
Answer
A
B
C
34
In the pentose phosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate is converted into what molecule?
Answer
(B)
Ribulose-5-phosphate
35
Which enzyme is responsible for converting glucose-6-phosphate to glucose in gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(B)
Glucose-6-phosphatase
36
In the Cori Cycle, the liver converts lactate to
Answer
(B)
Glucose
37
What are the key enzymes in gluconeogenesis that bypass the irreversible steps of glycolysis?
Answer
B
C
38
Which of the following enzymes is involved in glycogen branching?
Answer
(C)
Branching enzyme
39
The liver plays a major role in the metabolism of:
Answer
(D)
All of the above
40
During exercise and in diabetic mellitus, a high level of _______ stimulates the gluconeogenesis
Answer
(A)
glucagon
41
In glycogenolysis, the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase cleaves what type of bond in glycogen?
Answer
(B)
α-1,4 glycosidic bonds
42
Which of the following is an allosteric regulator of glycogen phosphorylase in the liver?
Answer
(A)
Glucose
43
What is the main function of insulin in glucose metabolism?
Answer
(C)
Increases glucose uptake
44
Which of the following is/are true regarding the regulation of glycogenolysis?
Answer
A
C
45
Which enzyme in gluconeogenesis bypasses the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase?
Answer
(B)
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
46
Which of the following molecules is required to form Acetyl CoA?
Answer
(B)
Pyruvate
47
Which is the final step in the glycolytic pathway?
Answer
(C)
Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate
48
Which of the following would be the best test to diagnose diabetes?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
49
What is the key function of insulin in glucose metabolism?
Answer
(B)
Increase glucose uptake
50
Which of the following are produced by the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
B
C