Sign In

Essential Biochemistry - Carbohydrate Metabolism (Section 2)

1
Which of the following is NOT a substrate for gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(D)
Acetyl-CoA
2
Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?
Answer
(C)
Pyruvate
3
Which enzyme is deficient in Pompe disease?
Answer
(B)
Acid α-glucosidase
4
What is the role of ATP in glycolysis?
Answer
(B)
It is a substrate.
5
What stimulates glycogen breakdown?
Answer
(C)
Low insulin levels
6
The renal threshold of glucose in the blood is normally set as:
Answer
(B)
180 mg/dL
7
Which of the following are products of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
B
C
8
Which of the following enzymes requires ATP?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen synthase
9
What are the products of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(A)
Ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH
10
Which of the following enzymes is activated by insulin?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen synthase
11
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the regulation of glycogenolysis by acting on the level of calcium?
Answer
(C)
Phosphorylase kinase
12
Which of the following best describes the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
Answer
(C)
Fasting blood glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL
13
Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes mellitus?
Answer
(B)
Polydipsia
14
Which of the following enzymes are involved in the regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle?
Answer
A
B
C
15
In patients with diabetes, the fasting plasma glucose levels are usually:
Answer
(C)
126 mg/dL or more
16
Glycogenolysis involves the breakdown of glycogen into:
Answer
(B)
Glucose-1-phosphate
17
Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by high levels of ATP?
Answer
(C)
Pyruvate kinase
18
Which of the following conditions is/are associated with the stimulation of gluconeogenesis?
Answer
A
B
C
19
Which of the following enzymes are regulated in glycogenolysis and glycogenesis?
Answer
A
B
20
Which molecules are involved in the regulation of glycogen metabolism?
Answer
A
B
C
D
21
Which of the following enzymes is directly involved in the conversion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(B)
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
22
In the muscle and the liver, insulin stimulates glycogenesis by stimulating glycogen synthase and leads leading to expression of: 2) glycogenolysis
Answer
(A)
Lipogenesis
23
Which of the following best describes the primary function of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(B)
Production of NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
24
Which of the following is the activated form of glucose for glycogen synthesis?
Answer
(B)
UDP-glucose
25
What is the primary role of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in the cell?
Answer
(C)
Production of NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
26
In glycogen synthesis, what molecule activates glycogen synthase?
Answer
(B)
Glucose-6-phosphate
27
The following are the metabolic changes that occur in diabetes mellitus:
Answer
A
B
C
D
28
Which of the following statements are true about the role of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
A
C
29
Which of the following is NOT a function of NADPH?
Answer
(D)
Glycogen breakdown
30
Which enzyme catalyzes the first committed step in glycolysis?
Answer
(B)
Phosphofructokinase-1
31
The enzyme which has the following reaction, catalyzed by an NADPH-dependent enzyme.
Answer
(B)
Glutamate to L-glutamine
32
Which of the following is a role of the Cori Cycle?
Answer
(C)
To recycle lactate produced in muscles back to the liver for gluconeogenesis.
33
What process occurs in the mitochondria?
Answer
(B)
Citric acid cycle
34
What is the role of the citric acid cycle?
Answer
(B)
To break down pyruvate and produce energy-rich molecules.
35
Which of the following is a key substrate for gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(C)
Lactate
36
What are the key regulatory hormones of glycogen metabolism?
Answer
A
B
C
37
The main source of fructose in the diet is:
Answer
(A)
Sucrose
38
What metabolic consequence is most commonly associated with G-6-PD deficiency?
Answer
(B)
Hemolytic anemia
39
What role do glucagon and epinephrine play in glycogen metabolism?
Answer
A
D
40
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Answer
(A)
Oxygen
41
Which of the following reactions require ATP?
Answer
A
B
42
Which of the following is the result of beta-oxidation?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl-CoA
43
Which pathway is primarily responsible for generating NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate?
Answer
(C)
Pentose phosphate pathway
44
What is the first committed step in glycogen synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to UDP-glucose
45
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(A)
The pathway is regulated by the concentration of NADPH.
46
Which enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a glucosyl unit from UDP-glucose to a glycogen primer?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen synthase
47
Which of the following hormones stimulates glycogenolysis?
Answer
(B)
Glucagon
48
Which of the following enzymes is deficient in patients with G-6-PD deficiency?
Answer
(B)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
49
Glucose tolerance test is often used for individuals with:
Answer
(B)
Diabetes
50
What is the most common enzymatic deficiency associated with hemolytic anemia?
Answer
(B)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase