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Essential Biochemistry - Carbohydrate Metabolism (Section 1)

1
Which of the following conditions is associated with G-6-PD deficiency?
Answer
(B)
Hemolytic anemia
2
Which enzyme is responsible for the release of glucose from glycogen?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen phosphorylase
3
In which cellular compartments does the pentose phosphate pathway predominantly occur?
Answer
(B)
Cytosol
4
The pentose phosphate pathway is primarily responsible for the production of which two molecules?
Answer
(B)
NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
5
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the dephosphorylation of glucose-6-phosphate?
Answer
(C)
Glucose-6-phosphatase
6
Which of the following enzymes removes a terminal glucose residue from glycogen, releasing glucose-1-phosphate?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen phosphorylase
7
Which disease results from a deficiency in muscle phosphorylase?
Answer
(C)
McArdle disease
8
The end product of the aldolase B reaction is:
Answer
(A)
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
9
Which of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway is true?
Answer
(B)
It is essential for fatty acid synthesis.
10
What are the first symptoms of diabetes?
Answer
(B)
Polyuria, Polydipsia, and Polyphagia
11
What is the role of glycolysis?
Answer
(B)
To break down glucose into pyruvate.
12
What are the primary regulators of glycogenolysis and glycogenesis?
Answer
A
B
C
13
What is the primary site of fructose metabolism?
Answer
(A)
Liver
14
In the regulation of glycogen metabolism which of the following is/are the activators of glycogenolysis?
Answer
A
D
15
What is the role of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(B)
To produce NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
16
Fructosuria is caused by a deficiency in:
Answer
(B)
Fructokinase
17
Which of the following is a precursor for the production of Glucose during Gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(A)
Lactate
18
The main function of NADPH produced in the pentose phosphate pathway is:
Answer
(D)
All of the above
19
What is the role of glucose-6-phosphatase?
Answer
(B)
To dephosphorylate glucose-6-phosphate
20
What is the main function of Glucagon?
Answer
(B)
Promote glycogenolysis
21
The enzyme glycogen phosphorylase is activated by:
Answer
(B)
Low levels of ATP
22
The following can cause decreased glucose tolerance:
Answer
A
B
C
23
Which molecule is the immediate substrate for glycogen synthesis?
Answer
(C)
UDP-glucose
24
What is the primary function of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(B)
Production of NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
25
What is the main clinical manifestation of essential fructosuria?
Answer
(C)
Fructose in urine
26
In the conversion of G6P to ribulose-5-phosphate, what enzyme is involved?
Answer
(A)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
27
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase?
Answer
B
C
28
Which of the following enzymes is activated by phosphorylation?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen phosphorylase
29
What is the primary function of glycogen in the liver?
Answer
(B)
To store glucose for later use
30
The following are symptoms of diabetes:
Answer
A
B
C
D
31
The branching enzyme creates what type of glycosidic bond?
Answer
(B)
α-1,6
32
What is the main function of gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(A)
To synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.
33
What is the purpose of the branching enzyme in glycogen metabolism?
Answer
(C)
To create α-1,6-glycosidic bonds, forming branches
34
The main function of the pentose phosphate pathway is:
Answer
(B)
Production of NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
35
Which of the following is a product of the Cori cycle?
Answer
(A)
Glucose
36
Which of the following is true regarding the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
A
C
37
Which of the following is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
38
In which organ does gluconeogenesis primarily occur?
Answer
(A)
Liver
39
Which of the following is a substrate for the enzyme aldolase B?
Answer
(B)
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
40
What type of enzyme is glucose-6-phosphatase?
Answer
(B)
Phosphatase
41
The main site of glucose-6-phosphatase activity is in the:
Answer
(B)
Liver
42
What is the role of NADPH in red blood cells?
Answer
(B)
Reduction of oxidized glutathione
43
Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(A)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
44
The conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate is catalyzed by
Answer
(C)
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
45
What is a common consequence of G-6-PD deficiency?
Answer
(B)
Hemolytic anemia
46
Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fructosuria?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
47
Which enzyme converts glucose-1-phosphate to UDP-glucose in glycogen synthesis?
Answer
(B)
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
48
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(B)
It is the exact reverse of glycolysis
49
Which metabolic pathway is activated by insulin?
Answer
(C)
Glycogenesis
50
Which of the following conditions would favor gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(C)
Fasting state