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Essential Biochemistry - Cancer (Section 3)

1
Which of the following is the process by which a normal cell becomes a cancer cell?
Answer
(D)
Carcinogenesis
2
What is the role of a promoter in carcinogenesis?
Answer
(B)
Enhances the effect of initiators
3
What type of cells do Lymphomas arise from?
Answer
(D)
Lymph nodes
4
All of the following are the characteristics of cancer cells, except:
Answer
(C)
Function normal
5
What is the term for a mass of tissue formed as a result of abnormal cell proliferation?
Answer
(C)
Tumor
6
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of malignant neoplasm?
Answer
(D)
Limited growth control
7
What is the term for agents that can induce cancer?
Answer
(B)
Carcinogens
8
Which of the following can lead to DNA damage and mutations?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
9
Which type of radiation can damage DNA?
Answer
(C)
UV radiation
10
Which of the following are known chemical carcinogens?
Answer
A
B
C
11
Which of the following is an example of a chemical carcinogen?
Answer
(B)
Vinyl chloride
12
Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells?
Answer
(C)
Unrestricted growth
13
Which of the following is a physical carcinogen?
Answer
(B)
UV light
14
Which of the following is a characteristic of transformed cells?
Answer
(C)
Formation of multilayered growth
15
Which of the following is considered a direct acting carcinogen?
Answer
(A)
Cyclophosphamide
16
Which of the following is an example of an initiator of carcinogenesis?
Answer
(C)
Aflatoxin B1
17
Which of the following can be used to assess the prognosis of a disease?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
18
All of the following statements regarding proto-oncogene are true, except:
Answer
(B)
They are present only in cancer cells
19
Which of the following statements regarding tumor suppressor genes are true?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
20
Which of the following is NOT a role of tumor markers?
Answer
(C)
Predicting future cancer risk
21
Genes capable of causing cancer are, except:
Answer
(C)
Antioncogenes
22
In what way do UV rays damage DNA?
Answer
(A)
Formation of pyrimidine dimers
23
Which of the following are characteristics of cancer cells?
Answer
A
B
D
24
Which of the following are examples of the role of viruses in the causation of cancer?
Answer
A
B
C
25
Which of the following is a method of action of DNA oncogenic viruses?
Answer
A
B
C
26
Which of the following are carbohydrate tumor markers?
Answer
A
B
27
Which one of the following is not a tumor marker?
Answer
(D)
Parathyroid hormone
28
Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells related to shape and motility?
Answer
(B)
Increased motility
29
What is an example of a direct-acting carcinogen?
Answer
(C)
Cyclophosphamide
30
Where do Leukemias arise from?
Answer
(C)
Blood forming organs
31
What is the result of loss of contact inhibition of growth in transformed cells?
Answer
(B)
They grow over one another
32
Which of the following are examples of the use of tumor markers?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
33
Tumor suppressor genes are sometimes called:
Answer
(A)
Antioncogenes
34
The term used for all malignant tumors is:
Answer
(C)
Cancer
35
Which of the following can cause DNA damage, leading to mutations?
Answer
(C)
UV radiation
36
The process of programmed cell death is called:
Answer
(B)
Apoptosis
37
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?
Answer
(C)
Contact inhibition of movement
38
Which of the following can occur due to changes in the cell surface?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
39
Which of the following is an example of an oncofetal antigen?
Answer
(A)
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
40
What is the origin of a Sarcoma?
Answer
(B)
Mesenchymal tissues
41
Which of the following are the characteristics of tumor suppressor genes?
Answer
A
B
D
42
Which of the following is an example of a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues?
Answer
(B)
Carcinoma
43
What is the main goal of apoptosis?
Answer
(C)
Programmed cell death
44
Which of the following are classified as promoters?
Answer
(B)
Chemical substances that help initiated cells proliferate further
45
What is the role of the immune system in cancer?
Answer
(C)
Detecting and destroying cancer cells
46
Retinoblastoma (RB) gene is a:
Answer
(D)
Antioncogene
47
What type of cells do sarcomas arise from?
Answer
(B)
Mesenchymal tissues
48
What biochemical change occurs in cancer cells?
Answer
A
B
C
49
Which is a role of hormones in tumor markers?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
50
Which of the following is an example of a tumor marker?
Answer
(C)
Alpha-fetoprotein