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Essential Biochemistry - Cancer (Section 2)

1
Which of the following is an example of an oncofetal antigen?
Answer
(B)
CEA
2
Activation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes occur by following mechanisms, except:
Answer
(D)
Post-translational modification
3
Which of the following is NOT a step in the development of cancer?
Answer
(D)
Replication
4
Which of the following is an example of a direct-acting carcinogen?
Answer
(C)
Cyclophosphamide
5
Which of the following is an example of an inorganic carcinogen?
Answer
(A)
Asbestos
6
What does the term "metastasis" refer to in the context of cancer?
Answer
(C)
Spread of cancer to other parts of the body
7
What type of radiation causes DNA damage?
Answer
A
B
8
Which dietary component is associated with a reduced risk of cancer?
Answer
(C)
High fiber intake
9
Genes capable of causing cancer are, except:
Answer
(D)
Antioncogenes
10
What is the term for cancer that spreads to other parts of the body?
Answer
(B)
Metastasis
11
Which of the following is a characteristic of transformed cells?
Answer
(D)
Loss of contact inhibition of growth
12
What are the two main types of carcinogenic viruses?
Answer
(A)
RNA and DNA oncogenic viruses
13
What is a proto-oncogene?
Answer
(A)
A normal gene that can become an oncogene
14
What is the main source of UV radiation?
Answer
(B)
Sunlight
15
Which of the following is the term for a substance or agent that can cause cancer?
Answer
(C)
Carcinogen
16
Which of the following is an example of a chemical carcinogen?
Answer
(C)
Benzo[a]pyrene
17
Which of the following are associated with cancer cells?
Answer
A
B
C
18
Tumor suppressor genes are sometimes called:
Answer
(A)
Antioncogenes
19
What type of cell division is often inhibited in cancer cells?
Answer
(A)
Apoptosis
20
What is the role of a proto-oncogene?
Answer
(A)
To stimulate cell division
21
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the origin of cancers?
Answer
(C)
Cancers can originate from various tissues and cell types
22
Which of the following is NOT a type of cancer according to its tissue/cell of origin?
Answer
(D)
Pneumonia
23
Carcinogens are classified into:
Answer
(A)
Chemical, physical and biological
24
Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells?
Answer
(D)
Loss of differentiation
25
What process does the action of chemical carcinogens leads to?
Answer
(A)
Mutation in DNA
26
Which of the following is an example of a promoter of carcinogenesis?
Answer
(B)
Phenobarbital
27
Which of the following compounds is associated with cancer risk in food?
Answer
(A)
Nitrosamine
28
What do retroviruses contain which can cause alterations in cell gene expression and cause cancer?
Answer
(B)
RNA
29
Which of the following is/are the ways tumor markers can be used?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
30
What type of gene, when mutated, can lead to cancer by stimulating cell division?
Answer
(B)
Proto-oncogene
31
The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body is called:
Answer
(C)
Metastasis
32
Which of the following are characteristics of cancer cells?
Answer
A
B
C
33
Which of the following are examples of indirect acting carcinogens?
Answer
B
D
34
Which of the following is a type of tumor marker?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
35
What type of agent can be used to initiate the process of abnormal cell growth?
Answer
(B)
Carcinogens
36
What are the two subgroups of initiators of carcinogenesis?
Answer
(A)
Initiators and Promoters
37
What is the term for the loss of growth control in cancer cells?
Answer
(B)
Unrestricted growth
38
What is the main source of UV radiation?
Answer
(C)
Sunlight
39
Which of the following are examples of RNA oncogenic viruses?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
40
Which of the following is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer?
Answer
(C)
Increased nitrosamine consumption
41
Which of the following is an example of a DNA oncogenic virus?
Answer
(B)
Herpes viruses
42
The main source of UV radiation is:
Answer
(B)
Sunlight
43
Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells related to growth?
Answer
(C)
Unrestricted growth
44
Which of the following is NOT a carbohydrate tumor marker?
Answer
(D)
CEA
45
Which of the following diet types increases the risk of cancer?
Answer
(C)
High fat and animal protein diet
46
Which of the following are directly involved in the process of carcinogenesis?
Answer
A
B
C
D
47
Which of the following statements is true regarding tumor markers?
Answer
(C)
They can be used to monitor the progression of cancer.
48
What is the role of a tumor suppressor gene?
Answer
(B)
Inhibit cell division
49
What is a proto-oncogene?
Answer
(B)
A normal gene that can become an oncogene
50
Which of the following is an example of an indirect-acting carcinogen?
Answer
(C)
Benzo[a]pyrene