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Essential Biochemistry - Cancer (Section 1)

1
What is a key difference between benign and malignant tumors?
Answer
(D)
Malignant tumors have lost growth control and can metastasize.
2
What is the name of the gene discovered as the first tumor suppressor gene?
Answer
(B)
RB gene
3
What is the process of programmed cell death called?
Answer
(C)
Apoptosis
4
Which of the following is not a type of cancer:
Answer
(D)
Asthma
5
Which of the following are used as tumor markers?
Answer
A
B
C
6
Retinoblastoma (RB) gene is a:
Answer
(D)
Antioncogene
7
Which of the following is an example of an oncofetal antigen?
Answer
(B)
AFP
8
Which of the following is associated with the promotion of cancer?
Answer
(C)
Saccharin and cyclamates
9
Which of the following statements regarding proto-oncogenes are true, except:
Answer
(B)
They are present only in cancer cells
10
What process converts procarcinogens to active carcinogens?
Answer
(C)
Metabolic activation
11
What is the role of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene?
Answer
(B)
To inhibit cell division
12
Which of the following is an example of a physical carcinogen?
Answer
(B)
UV radiation
13
Which of the following is NOT a use of tumor markers?
Answer
(C)
Predicting a person's lifespan
14
Which of the following is a tumor marker?
Answer
A
B
C
15
Which of the following are biochemical changes which occur in cancer cells?
Answer
A
B
C
16
Which of the following are examples of actions of chemical carcinogens?
Answer
A
B
C
17
Which of the following is an example of a physical carcinogen?
Answer
(A)
UV radiation
18
What type of cancer originates from epithelial tissues?
Answer
(B)
Carcinoma
19
Which of the following is produced in excess when there is an increase in anaerobic glycolysis?
Answer
(B)
Lactic acid
20
Which of the following is a role of the promoter of carcinogenesis?
Answer
(B)
Help the initiated cell to proliferate
21
Which of the following is a protein tumor marker?
Answer
(B)
Ferritin
22
Which of the following is a protein tumor marker associated with prostate cancer?
Answer
(B)
PSA
23
All of the following are the characteristics of cancer cells, except:
Answer
(C)
Function normal
24
Which of the following is a common mechanism of action of direct-acting carcinogens?
Answer
(C)
Damage to DNA
25
What is the effect of ionizing radiation on DNA?
Answer
(C)
Causes formation of free radicals that can damage DNA
26
Which one of the following is not a tumor marker?
Answer
(D)
Paraformaldehyde
27
Which of the following is a key characteristic that distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells?
Answer
(D)
Uncontrolled proliferation
28
What is the role of tumor suppressor genes?
Answer
(B)
Inhibit cell division
29
Which of the following is a type of cancer that arises from mesenchymal tissues?
Answer
(B)
Sarcoma
30
What is the term for agents that can induce cancer?
Answer
(B)
Carcinogens
31
Which of the following is NOT a method used by cancer cells to evade the immune system?
Answer
(A)
Expressing proteins that stimulate immune cells
32
Which of the following is associated with increased risk of cancer?
Answer
(C)
Increased fat and animal protein intake
33
What is the primary function of tumor suppressor genes?
Answer
(B)
To inhibit cell growth
34
Which type of diet is often associated with a reduced risk of cancer?
Answer
(C)
High in fiber and antioxidants
35
Which of the following is a common feature of cancer cells that allows them to proliferate uncontrollably?
Answer
(D)
Suppression of tumor suppressor genes
36
What is the term for a mass of tissue formed as a result of abnormal cell growth?
Answer
(C)
Tumor
37
Which of the following are clinical applications of tumor markers?
Answer
A
B
C
38
Which of the following is associated with reduced incidence of colon cancer?
Answer
(B)
High fiber diet
39
Which of the following is an example of a hormone used as a tumor marker?
Answer
(B)
Calcitonin
40
Which of the following may be a tumor marker for colorectal and gastrointestinal cancer?
Answer
(A)
CEA
41
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?
Answer
(D)
Contact inhibition
42
Which of the following is not a type of tumor marker?
Answer
(D)
Antibodies
43
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?
Answer
(D)
Cellular differentiation
44
Which of the following is an example of an indirect acting carcinogen?
Answer
(C)
Benzo[a]pyrene
45
Which of the following dietary habits is associated with an increased risk of cancer?
Answer
(C)
High intake of red and processed meats
46
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells in terms of their growth?
Answer
(C)
Contact-dependent growth
47
Which statement is incorrect about the role of tumor markers?
Answer
(C)
To predict the lifespan
48
Which of the following is a type of RNA oncogenic virus?
Answer
(C)
Rous Sarcoma virus
49
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in RNA oncogenic viruses?
Answer
(B)
To convert RNA into DNA
50
Which of the following is a carbohydrate tumor marker?
Answer
(D)
CA 135