Sign In

Essential Biochemistry - Acid Base Balance (Section 2)

1
What type of acid is primarily buffered by the respiratory system?
Answer
(B)
Volatile acids
2
Which of the following is NOT a buffer in the blood?
Answer
(D)
Sodium chloride
3
Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Answer
(B)
Diarrhea
4
Which of the following can cause metabolic acidosis?
Answer
(C)
Diabetic ketoacidosis
5
The first line of defense against acid-base disturbances is:
Answer
(A)
Buffer mechanism
6
Normal pH of blood is:
Answer
(B)
7.4
7
Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) is buffered by:
Answer
A
B
8
Which of the following conditions typically leads to respiratory alkalosis?
Answer
(C)
Hyperventilation
9
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
Answer
(A)
pH = pKa + log ([A⁻]/[HA])
10
The most important buffer system in the blood is:
Answer
(C)
Bicarbonate buffer
11
What are the two types of metabolic acidosis?
Answer
(C)
Lactic and Ketoacidosis
12
At blood pH 7.4, the ratio of HPO₄²/H₂PO₄ will be:
Answer
(A)
4:1
13
Which organ(s) play(s) a major role in the correction of metabolic alkalosis?
Answer
(C)
Lungs and kidneys
14
Which of the following are causes of respiratory acidosis?
Answer
A
B
D
15
Normal arterial blood pH is:
Answer
(C)
7.4
16
Which of the following buffer systems are present in the blood?
Answer
A
B
C
17
In which condition will the lungs work for compensation?
Answer
(B)
Metabolic Acidosis
18
Important buffer in the extracellular fluid is:
Answer
(C)
Bicarbonate
19
What is the normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in blood?
Answer
(B)
20:1
20
Which of the following is a volatile acid?
Answer
(C)
Carbonic acid
21
Metabolic acidosis is primarily due to:
Answer
(B)
Decrease in bicarbonate
22
What is the role of the renal system in acid-base balance?
Answer
(C)
Excreting H+ ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate
23
At blood pH 7.4, the ratio of NaHCO₃/H₂CO₃ will be:
Answer
(B)
20:1
24
What is the main function of the kidney in acid-base balance?
Answer
(D)
Excretion of H⁺ ions and reabsorption of HCO₃⁻
25
What is the consequence of a low anion gap?
Answer
(A)
May be due to hypoalbuminemia
26
What is the role of bicarbonate in the bicarbonate buffer system?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
27
Anion gap is the difference between:
Answer
(B)
Unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations
28
The protein buffer system uses which type of amino acid group to buffer?
Answer
(C)
Both amino and carboxyl groups
29
What is the main cause of respiratory acidosis?
Answer
(B)
Hypoventilation
30
What is the most important buffer in the extracellular fluid?
Answer
(C)
Bicarbonate