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Essential Biochemistry - Acid Base Balance (Section 1)

1
At blood pH 7.4, the ratio of HPO4/H2PO4 will be
Answer
(A)
4:1
2
Which buffer system is the most important in the renal tubules?
Answer
(D)
Ammonia buffer system
3
Which of the following is/are key element(s) of the phosphate buffer system?
Answer
A
B
4
What does the anion gap measure?
Answer
(B)
The difference between the measured cations and anions in the plasma.
5
Which of the following conditions can lead to respiratory alkalosis?
Answer
A
C
6
The most important extracellular buffer system is
Answer
(C)
Bicarbonate buffer
7
What is the role of the kidney in acid-base balance?
Answer
A
B
D
8
What is the normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in the blood?
Answer
(C)
20:1
9
What is the main stimulus for the respiratory center to increase ventilation?
Answer
(C)
High levels of CO2 in the blood.
10
Which of the following is volatile acid?
Answer
(C)
Carbonic acid
11
Which of the following are causes of metabolic acidosis?
Answer
A
B
D
12
Normal range of arterial blood pH is
Answer
(A)
7.35-7.45
13
Physiologically important carbonic acid (H2CO3) present in the body is equivalent in:
Answer
(B)
in terms of 0.1 N acid
14
Which of the following conditions is associated with a decreased anion gap?
Answer
(C)
Hypoalbuminemia
15
Respiratory acidosis results from
Answer
(A)
Obstruction to respiration
16
Important buffer in the intracellular fluid is
Answer
(A)
Protein
17
All of the following are associated with metabolic alkalosis, except
Answer
(D)
Decrease in bicarbonate plasma levels
18
The ionized plasma is maintained by all of the following, except
Answer
(D)
None of the above
19
Which of the following is NOT a buffer in the blood?
Answer
(D)
Sodium chloride
20
Which of the following are the physiological buffer systems?
Answer
A
B
C
21
At blood pH 7.4 the ratio of NaHCO3/H2CO3 will be
Answer
(B)
10:1
22
What are the key functions of buffer systems in the body?
Answer
A
B
23
What is the effect of increased hydrogen ion concentration (H+) on pH?
Answer
(B)
Decreases pH.
24
Normal pH of blood in
Answer
(B)
7.4
25
Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Answer
(D)
Diabetic ketoacidosis
26
What is the primary function of the renal mechanism in acid-base balance?
Answer
(B)
To excrete or reabsorb bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
27
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
Answer
(A)
pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])
28
What is the main function of buffers?
Answer
(B)
To maintain a constant pH.
29
In compensated metabolic acidosis, plasma
Answer
(D)
Some of the above
30
Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is buffered by:
Answer
(A)
Bicarbonate buffer
31
Which of the following is the cause of respiratory acidosis?
Answer
(B)
Hypoventilation
32
The first line of defense against acid-base disturbances is
Answer
(A)
Buffer mechanism
33
What are the compensatory mechanisms for metabolic acidosis?
Answer
A
B
D
34
Metabolic acidosis is associated with all of the following, except
Answer
(C)
Decreased formation of ammonia
35
The respiratory mechanism regulates the concentration of
Answer
(D)
All of the above
36
In the lungs, what is the function of carbonic anhydrase (CA)?
Answer
(B)
To convert H2CO3 to CO2 and H2O.
37
Which of the following is a characteristic of metabolic alkalosis?
Answer
(C)
Elevated blood pH and increased HCO3-
38
What is the primary buffer in the erythrocytes?
Answer
(D)
Hemoglobin
39
The main intracellular buffer system is
Answer
(C)
Protein buffer
40
Metabolic acidosis is primarily due to
Answer
(D)
Decrease in bicarbonate
41
How does the respiratory system compensate for metabolic acidosis?
Answer
(B)
Increased ventilation
42
Which mechanism is primarily involved in the third line of defense in maintaining the blood pH?
Answer
(C)
Renal mechanism
43
In metabolic acidosis, which compensatory mechanism is used?
Answer
(A)
Increased respiratory rate
44
What is the role of the respiratory system in maintaining pH balance?
Answer
(B)
Excreting CO2
45
Which condition is characterized by a decrease in bicarbonate and a decrease in blood pH?
Answer
(B)
Metabolic acidosis
46
Which of the following are the main components of the phosphate buffer system?
Answer
A
B
47
In compensated metabolic acidosis, plasma:
Answer
(B)
Total CO₂ content is increased
48
Respiratory acidosis results from:
Answer
(A)
Obstruction to respiration
49
The respiratory system compensates for metabolic acidosis by:
Answer
(A)
Increasing ventilation
50
In respiratory acidosis, the primary abnormality is:
Answer
(C)
Increased PCO2