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Computer Science for IGCSE & O level - Hardware (Section 8)

1
Which component is responsible for converting digital sound data into electrical currents in a loudspeaker?
Answer
(A)
The magnet and coil
2
What is the role of the 'jolt' in the ABS system?
Answer
(D)
To equalize the rotational speed of all four wheels.
3
What is the main difference between a public and a private cloud?
Answer
(B)
A private cloud is owned by a single company; a public cloud is shared.
4
What technology is used by 3D scanners to capture object information?
Answer
A
B
C
5
Which technology is primarily used in the manufacturing of DRAM chips?
Answer
(B)
Transistors and capacitors
6
What does ABS stand for?
Answer
(B)
Anti-lock Braking System.
7
What does the term 'thrashing' refer to when using virtual memory?
Answer
(B)
Excessive hard drive activity caused by swapping data between RAM and the hard drive.
8
In the context of networking, what does 'DNS' stand for?
Answer
(B)
Domain Name System
9
What is the role of the Instruction Register (IR) in a CPU?
Answer
(B)
To hold the current instruction being executed.
10
In a central heating system, which component controls the flow of gas?
Answer
(C)
The gas valve.
11
In cloud storage, what is vendor lock-in?
Answer
A
D
12
What do digital cameras use to measure the brightness levels?
Answer
(C)
The sensors.
13
What is the purpose of a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) in the context of audio output?
Answer
(A)
To convert the digital data into a format compatible with the loudspeaker.
14
What is the purpose of the Address Bus?
Answer
(B)
To carry the addresses of memory locations.
15
What technology is the basis for a 3D scanner?
Answer
(A)
Measuring the reflection of light
16
What is the function of a DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)?
Answer
(A)
Convert digital to analog signals.
17
What does the acronym RISC stand for?
Answer
(B)
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
18
What are the main differences between an IPv4 and IPv6 address?
Answer
(C)
IPv4 uses a 32-bit address; IPv6 uses a 128-bit address.
19
What are two differences between wired and wireless networking?
Answer
B
C
20
What happens to the number of stock items after an item is scanned at the checkout?
Answer
(B)
The number is reduced by one.
21
How does an ergonomic keyboard assist users?
Answer
(B)
By reducing the risk of hand/wrist injuries.
22
What are the characteristics of SSD's?
Answer
A
D
23
What is DHCP used for?
Answer
(B)
To automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.
24
In the context of a microphone, which component's vibration generates the electrical signal?
Answer
(C)
The Diaphragm.
25
In a central heating system, what happens when the measured temperature drops below the pre-set value?
Answer
(B)
The gas valve opens.
26
What is the primary difference between RAM and ROM?
Answer
(C)
RAM is volatile (data is lost when power is off), while ROM is non-volatile.
27
What is a common application of a humidity sensor?
Answer
(B)
Controlling the environment in a greenhouse
28
What does the 'decode' stage of the fetch-decode-execute cycle do?
Answer
(B)
Interprets the instruction and determines what actions to take.
29
What kind of storage is a USB flash drive?
Answer
(B)
Secondary storage.
30
What is the function of the motor in a hard disk drive (HDD)?
Answer
(B)
To spin the platters.
31
Which of the following is a volatile type of memory?
Answer
(C)
RAM
32
In a greenhouse environment control system, what is the purpose of the sensors?
Answer
(C)
To measure and monitor environmental conditions.
33
What is the function of the amplifier in a microphone?
Answer
(B)
To make the electric signal stronger.
34
What function does an amplifier perform within an audio system?
Answer
(B)
Increases the volume and power of the audio signal.
35
What is the key feature of binder jet printing?
Answer
(B)
Using inkjet print heads to spray a binder over powdered material.
36
What are some common downsides to using cloud storage?
Answer
A
B
C
37
What is a significant advantage of using a shorter wavelength laser in optical storage, like Blu-ray?
Answer
(B)
Higher storage capacity.
38
What is the primary function of the 'MAC address'?
Answer
(A)
To identify a device on a network.
39
Which of the following accurately describes the purpose of the microprocessor in the street lighting system?
Answer
(B)
To switch the lights on and off according to the light sensor’s signal.
40
What is the primary function of the 'head unit' in the context of the embedded system in a car, as referenced in the text?
Answer
(B)
Managing entertainment and display features.
41
What type of memory is generally used to store the operating system's start-up instructions?
Answer
(B)
ROM
42
Which of the following is an advantage of using an embedded system in a lighting system?
Answer
(A)
Lowering the electricity bill.
43
Which system has an embedded system that controls lights in a large office?
Answer
(B)
Lighting systems.
44
Which component in a laser printer is responsible for permanently fixing the toner to the paper?
Answer
(B)
The fuser unit
45
What is the primary function of the accelerometer in a tablet or smartphone?
Answer
(A)
To determine the device's orientation
46
What method is typically used to connect the keyboard to a computer?
Answer
A
B
47
Which of the following is a potential downside of storing data in the 'cloud'?
Answer
(B)
The possibility of data loss due to a service outage.
48
What are some potential advantages of LCD projectors over DLP projectors?
Answer
(D)
More energy efficient
49
What are the potential downsides when using public cloud storage?
Answer
A
B
D
50
In the context of networking, what does 'LAN' stand for?
Answer
(B)
Local Area Network