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Computer Science for IGCSE & O level - Hardware (Section 6)

1
Which of the following is a characteristic of an embedded system?
Answer
(B)
Designed to perform a limited set of tasks
2
What characteristic describes a dynamic IP address?
Answer
(B)
It is assigned by the ISP and can change.
3
What is a major component of a HDD?
Answer
(C)
A spinning platter
4
How does virtual memory work to increase the available memory for a program?
Answer
(A)
It uses a portion of the hard drive to store data not currently in RAM.
5
What is the main difference between the operation of CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs?
Answer
(A)
The type of laser light used, and the track spacing.
6
Which of these devices operates at the data link layer?
Answer
(B)
Switch
7
What is the name of the technology which is used to scan a 2D image?
Answer
(A)
Computed Tomography.
8
What does the 'fetch' stage of the fetch-decode-execute cycle do?
Answer
(B)
Retrieves the instruction from memory.
9
Which of the following components is responsible for decoding instructions in a CPU?
Answer
(B)
CU
10
How is data stored on a DVD compared to a CD?
Answer
(B)
DVD uses smaller pits, allowing for more data storage.
11
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Von Neumann architecture?
Answer
(C)
A single address space for both instructions and data.
12
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes an SSD from a traditional HDD?
Answer
A
B
13
What component within a microphone is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals?
Answer
(A)
The diaphragm
14
Which of the following accurately describes a dynamic IP address?
Answer
(C)
It is assigned automatically and can change over time.
15
What is the general function of a 2D scanner?
Answer
(B)
To convert hard copies into digital format.
16
What does the printer do with the printed pages?
Answer
(B)
The printer feeds the paper to the output tray.
17
In the context of computer architecture, what is a register?
Answer
(B)
A high-speed storage location within the CPU.
18
What is the main advantage of OLED technology in display screens?
Answer
(A)
Lower power consumption.
19
In a central heating system, the sensor measures:
Answer
(B)
Temperature.
20
What is a potential hazard of using QR codes?
Answer
(C)
They may contain malicious code.
21
In a central heating system controlled by a microprocessor, what does the system do if the measured temperature is above the set point?
Answer
(A)
Closes the gas valve.
22
Which of the following storage devices is typically the fastest?
Answer
(B)
SSD
23
In a street lighting system, which component provides the information needed for the lamps to turn on and off?
Answer
(C)
The light sensor.
24
In the context of data storage, what is the purpose of a hard disk drive (HDD)?
Answer
(C)
To store data permanently using magnetic platters.
25
What is the role of an operand in a CPU instruction?
Answer
(B)
To specify the data or memory location the instruction will use.
26
What can negatively affect the speed of a HDD?
Answer
(A)
The time it takes for the head to move to the correct track.
27
What is a primary function of the 'control gate' in a flash memory cell?
Answer
(B)
To regulate the flow of electrons.
28
Which of the following is an example of primary memory?
Answer
(D)
RAM
29
What are some disadvantages of a resistive touchscreen?
Answer
(A)
Poor visibility in sunlight.
30
What is the primary purpose of a firewall?
Answer
(B)
To protect a network from external threats.
31
Which type of IP address is typically assigned by an ISP?
Answer
(C)
Public
32
What is a disadvantage of hard disk drives (HDDs)?
Answer
A
B
D
33
Which stage of the fetch-decode-execute cycle is responsible for retrieving the instruction from memory?
Answer
(C)
Fetch
34
What role does the laser scanner play in a laser printer?
Answer
(B)
Creating the image on the photosensitive drum
35
In a security system, what type of sensor would be used to detect if a door or window is opened?
Answer
(B)
Magnetic sensor
36
What does the ADC do in a digital camera?
Answer
(B)
Converts analog to digital signals.
37
In a 3D printing process, which stage typically occurs after the object's design is created in CAD software?
Answer
(C)
The design is converted into a format that can be read by the 3D printer.
38
What does the acronym 'CD' stand for in the context of optical storage?
Answer
(B)
Compact Disc
39
What type of lighting system uses an embedded system?
Answer
(B)
The lighting system in a large office.
40
What is the purpose of the laser beam in a laser printer?
Answer
(C)
To create an electrostatic image on the drum.
41
Which of the following best describes the function of the Program Counter (PC)?
Answer
(B)
Holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched.
42
What is the role of the MAC address in a network?
Answer
(B)
To provide the physical address of the network interface.
43
Which stage of laser printing is responsible for transferring the toner from the drum to the paper?
Answer
(C)
Transferring
44
What does the acronym 'MAC' stand for in the context of network addresses?
Answer
(A)
Media Access Control
45
Which of the following technologies is NOT used in inkjet printers?
Answer
(C)
Laser printing
46
Which statement is true regarding the use of USB in computers?
Answer
(C)
USB has become the standard for transporting data between a computer and a number of devices.
47
What is the primary purpose of virtual memory?
Answer
(B)
To increase the amount of RAM available to the operating system.
48
What is the purpose of the microprocessor in an ABS system?
Answer
(C)
To control the braking process.
49
What is the first step in the laser printing process?
Answer
(C)
The data from the document is sent to a printer driver.
50
What does the microprocessor use to determine if it is daytime or nighttime in the street lighting system?
Answer
(C)
The light sensor signal.