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Computer Science for IGCSE & O level - Hardware (Section 29)

1
What process occurs immediately *after* the toner is applied to the drum in a laser printer?
Answer
(D)
The toner is transferred to the paper.
2
What is the primary purpose of face recognition technology?
Answer
(B)
To identify or verify a person's identity.
3
What is a key difference between monitoring and control applications using sensors?
Answer
(B)
Monitoring systems provide information, while control systems take action based on the information.
4
What is the main role of the control gate in flash memory?
Answer
(B)
To control the flow of electrons to or from the floating gate.
5
What is the function of the CMOS chip in an optical mouse?
Answer
(B)
To analyze changing image patterns.
6
Which of the following is a common characteristic of RAM chips?
Answer
(C)
They are volatile and lose their data when power is off.
7
What is the primary goal of implementing network redundancy?
Answer
(C)
To ensure data availability and fault tolerance.
8
In the context of the street lighting control, what is the function of the microprocessor?
Answer
(C)
To control the lights based on the sensor input.
9
What does the term 'bootstrapping' refer to?
Answer
(B)
The process of starting up the computer.
10
What is the primary function of a hard drive's platters?
Answer
(B)
To store data magnetically.
11
In the context of the CPU, what does 'fetch' represent in the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle?
Answer
(B)
Retrieving the instruction from memory.
12
Which of the following is a risk associated with using cloud storage?
Answer
(B)
Potential for data breaches.
13
Which of the following is a consequence of 'thrashing' in a virtual memory system?
Answer
(B)
Decreased system performance.
14
What are the characteristics of a wired network?
Answer
A
B
D
15
What is the main purpose of the system clock in a computer?
Answer
(B)
To synchronize all operations within the computer.
16
Which of the following storage devices offers the fastest access times?
Answer
(D)
Cache memory
17
What is the role of a Memory Management Unit (MMU) in modern computer systems?
Answer
(B)
To translate logical addresses to physical addresses.
18
Which of the following are advantages of using fiber optic cables compared to copper cables?
Answer
A
B
19
In digital photography, how does the camera measure color to create a final image?
Answer
(A)
By measuring each color individually.
20
In a traffic light control system, the microprocessor's primary function is to:
Answer
(C)
Control the timing and sequence of the lights.
21
What are the main functions controlled by the embedded system in digital cameras?
Answer
A
B
C
22
Which device is used to connect multiple devices on a local network?
Answer
(C)
Switch
23
In the context of flash memory, what is the role of the electron trap?
Answer
(B)
To store the charge representing the bit value.
24
In the context of a greenhouse environment control system, the primary function of the computer is to:
Answer
(C)
Adjust the temperature based on sensor readings.
25
In an optical mouse, what does the CMOS sensor do?
Answer
(B)
Detects the reflected light.
26
What is the core functionality of an amplifier in a sound system?
Answer
(B)
To increase the power of the electric current
27
In a 3D scanner, what do the coordinates from the object's points form?
Answer
(A)
A digital image.
28
What is a key advantage of using OLEDs over LCDs regarding their ability to display blacks?
Answer
(B)
OLEDs can turn individual pixels completely off.
29
Which type of network cable is least susceptible to electromagnetic interference?
Answer
(C)
Fiber Optic
30
Which are examples of applications using sensors for control purposes?
Answer
A
B
31
What is the purpose of an instruction's 'operand'?
Answer
(C)
To provide the data or the memory location to be used by the operation.
32
What process occurs during thermal bubble ink ejection?
Answer
(B)
Ink is heated to form a bubble which then ejects ink.
33
What is the advantage of a QR code over a standard barcode in terms of the amount of data it can store?
Answer
(B)
QR codes store more data.
34
What is the function of the ink cartridge or cartridges in an inkjet printer?
Answer
(C)
To spray droplets of ink onto the paper.
35
What component in an HDD is responsible for moving the read/write heads?
Answer
(B)
Actuator arm
36
What are the examples given as types of ergonomic keyboards?
Answer
(A)
Curved or split keyboard
37
What process does the ADC perform?
Answer
(B)
It converts the electrical charges from each pixel into a digital format.
38
What is the function of the amplifier in an audio system?
Answer
(B)
To increase the strength of the audio signal.
39
In a greenhouse environment control, which component is responsible for making decisions based on sensor inputs?
Answer
(B)
Computer
40
What process is required before a 3D model can be printed?
Answer
(B)
Slicing the model into layers.
41
Which of the following is a potential application of 3D printing for producing custom medical devices?
Answer
(B)
Creating dental implants
42
In a computer system, what does 'bus' refer to?
Answer
(B)
A pathway for electrical signals.
43
What is the primary purpose of a controller in an SSD?
Answer
(B)
To manage the flash memory and its operations.
44
Which of the following factors contribute to the performance of a computer system?
Answer
A
B
C
45
In the street lighting system, what does the light sensor primarily provide data about?
Answer
(C)
Brightness.
46
What does a DHCP server automatically assign to devices?
Answer
(C)
IP addresses
47
What is the purpose of the microprocessor in the central heating system control?
Answer
(B)
To control the pump and the gas valve.
48
How does virtual memory expand the available memory for a computer?
Answer
(B)
By using the hard drive or SSD as an extension of RAM.
49
What do DVDs and Blu-ray discs use for their read and write mechanisms?
Answer
(C)
Laser light
50
What happens during the 'decode' stage of the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle?
Answer
(C)
The instruction is translated into control signals.