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Computer Science for IGCSE & O level - Hardware (Section 2)

1
Which of the following are advantages of using OLED displays compared to traditional LCD screens?
Answer
A
D
2
What key components in a barcode uniquely identify a product for sale?
Answer
(C)
The key field.
3
What is the primary purpose of an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter)?
Answer
(C)
To convert analog data into a digital format.
4
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a hard drive?
Answer
A
B
D
5
In a barcode, the width of the lines can represent different things. Which of the following is it associated with?
Answer
(A)
Digits.
6
In the context of a computer, what is the function of OCR software?
Answer
(A)
To convert scanned images of text into editable text formats.
7
What does the term "embedded system" refer to?
Answer
(B)
A computer designed to perform a specific, limited set of functions.
8
Which of the following methods are used by touchscreens?
Answer
A
B
C
9
What is meant by the term 'disk thrashing' in the context of virtual memory?
Answer
(B)
The excessive use of the hard drive to move data between RAM and the hard drive.
10
What is the function of the Memory Address Register (MAR)?
Answer
(B)
To hold the address of the memory location to be accessed.
11
Which technology is NOT used for touchscreens?
Answer
(D)
Thermal
12
What function does the fuser unit perform in a laser printer?
Answer
(B)
It melts the toner onto the paper.
13
Which of the following protocols is used to automatically obtain an IP address?
Answer
(C)
DHCP
14
Which one is needed in order to have an active network?
Answer
(C)
A network interface card (NIC)
15
Which of the following statements describes the function of a network interface card (NIC)?
Answer
(A)
Connects devices to a network.
16
Which of the following is a benefit of barcodes?
Answer
(C)
Faster checkout queues.
17
Which function is included in a washing machine that uses an embedded system?
Answer
A
B
D
18
In a street lighting system, what does the system do if the light sensor signal indicates it's nighttime?
Answer
(A)
The lamp is turned on.
19
What is an advantage of using a shorter wavelength laser in optical storage (e.g., Blu-ray over DVD)?
Answer
(B)
Greater storage capacity.
20
What do digital cameras use to convert the image into a digital format?
Answer
(A)
An array of sensors (pixels)
21
In 3D printing, what is a common material used to build objects?
Answer
(C)
Powdered metal
22
What are the components that can be controlled by the embedded system in a digital camera? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
23
In the context of a car's anti-lock braking system (ABS), what is the immediate consequence if one of the car's wheels locks up?
Answer
(B)
The car loses steering control.
24
Which of the following are typical components controlled in a greenhouse environment?
Answer
A
B
C
D
25
What is the advantage of a QR code compared to a regular barcode for information storage?
Answer
(B)
It can hold more information.
26
What is the purpose of a router's firewall?
Answer
(B)
To prevent unauthorized access to the network.
27
What does the acronym 'ALU' stand for?
Answer
(B)
Arithmetic Logic Unit
28
When the stock item barcode is scanned at the checkout, what item is reduced by 1?
Answer
(C)
The number of stock items.
29
What does the term 'booting' refer to in the context of a computer?
Answer
(B)
The process of starting up the computer.
30
What is a disadvantage of the DLP projector compared to the LCD projector?
Answer
(A)
Image tends to suffer from "shadows" when utilizing a masking mirror.
31
What is the difference between MAC addresses and IP addresses?
Answer
A
B
32
In the context of 3D printing, what does 'layer by layer' refer to?
Answer
(B)
The process of building an object by adding thin horizontal slices on top of one another.
33
Why are both static and dynamic IP addresses required?
Answer
(C)
To accommodate different requirements and use cases.
34
What is the purpose of an accumulator?
Answer
(B)
To temporarily store the results of arithmetic and logical operations.
35
What is the key benefit of using Bluetooth light bulbs?
Answer
(C)
To control all the lights.
36
Which component is NOT part of the typical workflow of an ink-jet printer?
Answer
(C)
Fuser unit
37
What is the fundamental difference between SSDs and HDDs in terms of data access?
Answer
(B)
SSDs have no moving parts, enabling faster access.
38
Which of the following is a benefit of OLED technology in terms of display quality?
Answer
(B)
Wider viewing angles
39
In the context of audio output, what does 'DAC' stand for?
Answer
(A)
Digital Analog Converter
40
In a digital camera, what does a lens do?
Answer
(A)
Focuses the light onto the sensor.
41
In a street lighting system, which component converts the analog signals from the light sensor?
Answer
(B)
ADC
42
In a central heating system, what is the function of the temperature sensor?
Answer
(C)
To measure the room temperature.
43
What is the main benefit of RAID?
Answer
(C)
increased data redundancy
44
What type of information can be stored within a QR code?
Answer
A
B
C
D
45
Which storage device uses a read/write head to access data?
Answer
(C)
HDD
46
What is the primary purpose of a switch in a network?
Answer
(A)
To connect multiple devices within a local network.
47
What does 'disk thrashing' refer to in a system using virtual memory?
Answer
(B)
Excessive swapping of data between RAM and the hard drive, degrading performance.
48
What does ISP stand for?
Answer
(A)
Internet Service Provider
49
What is the process that converts the digital data to analog in a computer?
Answer
(C)
Digital to Analog
50
Which component is responsible for the execution of instructions?
Answer
(C)
ALU