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Computer Science for IGCSE & O level - Data Representation (Section 12)

1
What will be the result of a right bit shift on the binary number 110000, two places to the right?
Answer
(B)
001100
2
What is a benefit of using lossless compression techniques?
Answer
A
C
3
In a bitmap image, what does increasing the resolution do?
Answer
(B)
Increases the level of detail
4
What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 10101?
Answer
(A)
21
5
In digital audio, which of the following is most closely related to how accurately the original sound is reproduced?
Answer
(D)
All of the above.
6
What operation is performed when shifting a binary number two places left?
Answer
(A)
Multiplication by 4
7
What is the maximum value represented by a single hexadecimal digit?
Answer
(B)
15
8
In the context of images, what does the term 'pixel' stand for?
Answer
(A)
Picture element
9
What is the primary reason for compressing files before transmitting them over a network?
Answer
(C)
To reduce the time it takes to transfer the file.
10
What is the purpose of an IP address?
Answer
(B)
To locate a device on the internet.
11
What does a higher sample rate generally indicate for an audio file?
Answer
(A)
A higher file size and potentially higher sound quality.
12
What is a key factor determining the quality of a sound file?
Answer
(C)
The bit depth of the samples.
13
Consider the following string: "WWWWWWBBBBBBBB" How would run-length encoding compress this string?
Answer
(B)
6W8B
14
What does the hexadecimal number system use for representation?
Answer
(B)
0-9 and A-F
15
What is the difference between an uncompressed file and a compressed file?
Answer
(A)
An uncompressed file is larger than a compressed file.
16
Which of the following best describes the operation of JPEG compression on an image?
Answer
(B)
It reduces the file size by discarding some of the image data.
17
What is the value of the binary number 101010 in decimal?
Answer
(B)
32
18
What is the relationship between file size and image resolution?
Answer
(A)
File size increases with higher resolution.
19
Which of the following is a direct advantage of using hexadecimal numbers over binary when representing data?
Answer
(A)
Hexadecimal is easier for humans to read and understand than binary.
20
For which type of data would Run Length Encoding (RLE) be most effective?
Answer
A
D
21
Which of the following correctly describes how sound is digitized for computer processing?
Answer
A
B
22
In the context of images, what is meant by the term 'resolution'?
Answer
(C)
The number of pixels used to create the image.
23
What does the term 'error code' usually refer to in the context of computer systems?
Answer
(A)
A code used to identify and resolve errors in software.
24
What is the main effect of a higher color depth on a digital image?
Answer
(B)
It increases the potential number of colors that can be displayed.
25
What is generally NOT a primary goal of data compression?
Answer
(B)
Improving data security.
26
In an image, what do you call the smallest single component?
Answer
(A)
A pixel
27
What does the '1' in the leftmost position of an 8-bit two's complement number represent?
Answer
(A)
The sign of the number
28
Which statement describes the basic principle of two's complement representation?
Answer
(A)
It simplifies subtraction by turning it into addition.
29
What is the meaning of 'bit' in computer science?
Answer
(B)
A single binary digit (0 or 1).
30
In the context of image file formats, what are the main characteristics of a PNG file?
Answer
B
C
31
What is the purpose of a network interface controller (NIC) in relation to a MAC address?
Answer
(B)
Uses the MAC address for communication
32
In ASCII, which bit(s) are different between the lowercase and uppercase versions of a letter?
Answer
(C)
The fifth bit
33
If you need to reduce the file size of a photograph while maintaining decent visual quality, which compression technique would be most appropriate?
Answer
(C)
Lossy compression.
34
What is the main difference between lossy and lossless compression?
Answer
(A)
Lossy compression reduces file size by discarding data; lossless compression does not.
35
Which option best describes the primary goal of data compression?
Answer
(B)
Reduce a file's size to save storage space or speed up transfer.
36
What is the role of logic gates in computers?
Answer
(D)
To process and manipulate data using binary inputs.
37
What happens to the sound quality when a higher sampling rate is used for an audio file?
Answer
(B)
The quality increases.
38
What type of compression eliminates unnecessary data from a file, and the original file cannot be reconstructed once it has been compressed?
Answer
(B)
Lossy compression
39
What is one disadvantage of lossy compression?
Answer
(A)
There is loss of data.
40
What are the 3 key components of the digital representation of an image?
Answer
A
C
41
Which of the following is NOT a use of hexadecimal numbers?
Answer
(D)
Encrypting data.
42
What is the primary purpose of run-length encoding (RLE)?
Answer
(B)
To reduce the size of a string of identical data items.
43
What is the range of unsigned integers that can be stored in 4 bits?
Answer
(B)
0-15
44
If you shift the binary number 11000 one place to the right, what is the result?
Answer
(A)
01100
45
Which of the following factors determines the size of an image?
Answer
A
B
C
46
What is the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number 2A?
Answer
(C)
26
47
In a two's complement representation, what does a leading '0' (zero) typically indicate?
Answer
(B)
A positive number
48
In the context of converting from binary to hexadecimal, what is the first step?
Answer
(B)
Split the binary number into groups of 4 bits, starting from the right.
49
If you have a 1MB image with 8-bit color depth, and you change the color depth to 24-bit, what is the approximate resulting file size?
Answer
(C)
3 MB
50
What is the role of the 'sign bit' in a two's complement representation?
Answer
(B)
It indicates whether the number is positive or negative.