Computer Science for IGCSE & O level - Automated And Emerging Technologies (Section 7)
1
Which of the following are advantages of using machine learning?
2
In an automated system, what component executes the control instructions?
3
What is the key difference between machine learning algorithms and rule-based systems?
Answer(A)
Machine learning algorithms learn from data while rule-based systems rely on predefined rules.
4
In what form is knowledge typically represented in an expert system's knowledge base?
Answer(B)
As a collection of if-then rules.
5
Which statement best describes how a search engine learns to improve search results?
Answer(B)
By analyzing user search patterns and feedback.
6
What type of data is used in unsupervised learning?
7
What is the biggest impact for robots in agriculture?
Answer(B)
Reduced need for human staff.
8
What is the main problem for autonomous cars?
9
What is a key advantage of using autonomous trains as mentioned in the text?
10
What is the primary goal of machine learning in the context of fraud detection?
Answer(B)
To automatically identify fraudulent transactions.
11
What is the main difference between supervised and unsupervised learning in machine learning?
Answer(B)
Supervised learning uses labeled data, while unsupervised learning uses unlabeled data.
12
In the context of self-parking cars, what is the role of the 'actuators'?
Answer(C)
To perform actions such as steering and braking.
13
Which part of an expert system draws the conclusions?
14
What is the function of a light sensor in an automated lighting system?
Answer(B)
To measure the ambient light.
15
What is the primary goal of a machine learning algorithm in the context of spam detection?
Answer(B)
To automatically identify spam emails.
16
What is a major benefit of using machine learning in spam filtering compared to rule-based filtering?
Answer(B)
It automatically adapts to new spam patterns.
17
In the context of a machine learning system, what is 'overfitting'?
Answer(A)
When the model performs well on the training data but poorly on new data.
18
What is the role of a timer in an automated lighting system?
Answer(B)
To automatically turn lights on and off at pre-set times.
19
In industry, which of these is a task robots are NOT commonly used for?
Answer(C)
Performing surgeries on humans
20
What is the main advantage of using automated systems?
Answer(C)
They can perform tasks with higher precision and efficiency.
21
What is the purpose of an inference engine in an expert system?
Answer(C)
To apply the rules to the given data and draw conclusions.
22
In the context of a machine learning model, what is overfitting?
Answer(B)
When a model learns the training data too well and doesn't generalize.
23
What is the primary purpose of the sensors in an autonomous car?
Answer(B)
To collect data about the car's surroundings.
24
In the agricultural field, what is an advantage for using robots?
25
What sensors are used in an automated weather station?
26
In an automated process, what is the function of a ADC?
Answer(C)
To convert an analog signal to a digital signal.
27
What is a key characteristic of a well-designed machine learning model?
Answer(C)
It generalizes well to new data.
28
What is the name of the process for the AI to learn the rules to solve the problem?
29
What role do 'rules' play in an expert system?
Answer(B)
They define the knowledge and reasoning processes.
30
What is the purpose of the 'user interface' in an expert system?
Answer(B)
To allow the user to interact with the system.
31
What is the main advantage of using automated systems in manufacturing processes like Paracetamol?
Answer(C)
Higher production speed and quality control.
32
What kind of impact do robots have on the industry?
33
What is the main disadvantage of automated systems?
34
What is a key feature of robots used in the home, like a vacuum cleaner?
Answer(B)
They are automated to perform repetitive tasks.
35
What is the key difference between machine learning and traditional programming?
Answer(B)
Machine learning systems rely on data to learn, and traditional programs use explicit instructions.
36
What is the main task of the microcontroller in an automated system?
Answer(C)
Control the system's actions based on sensor input.
37
What type of learning uses labeled data to train the model?
38
What type of sensor is NOT mentioned as being used by drones in agriculture?
39
What are robots used for in agriculture?
40
What is the function of the microcontroller in the automated lighting system (house example)?
Answer(C)
Receives and processes signals from sensors and the timer.
41
In machine learning, what is the purpose of a testing dataset?
Answer(B)
To evaluate the model's performance on unseen data.
42
How does the text describe the role of AI in the context of robots?
Answer(C)
AI helps the robot adapt and solve complex tasks.
43
What are the main functions of an automated system?
44
Which are the basic components found in automated weather stations?
45
What kind of robot can take the place of a personal assistant?
46
Which component of an expert system applies the rules to the data to make conclusions?
47
What type of sensor is most useful for security systems?
48
In an automated system, which component is responsible for converting the CPU's control signals into physical actions?
49
What is a typical disadvantage of implementing automated systems, as discussed in the provided text?
Answer(B)
High initial investment and complex maintenance.
50
In an expert system, where does the knowledge come from?
