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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Transport In Animals (Section 5)

1
What structure separates the left and right ventricles of the heart?
Answer
(B)
The septum
2
Which chambers of the heart are responsible for receiving blood from the body and lungs respectively?
Answer
(C)
Left atrium and right atrium.
3
Which of the following are found in plasma?
Answer
A
B
D
4
Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?
Answer
(D)
Bile
5
What is the role of the septum in the heart?
Answer
(C)
To prevent blood from mixing between the left and right sides of the heart.
6
Which of the following is a symptom of atherosclerosis?
Answer
(C)
Chest pain or discomfort
7
What is the role of the red blood cell's shape?
Answer
(B)
To increase the surface area for oxygen absorption.
8
What is the name for the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood?
Answer
(B)
Coronary arteries
9
What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?
Answer
(C)
Blood clotting
10
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
Answer
(C)
Between the right atrium and right ventricle.
11
What is the main function of the right ventricle?
Answer
(C)
Pumping blood to the lungs
12
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for CHD?
Answer
(C)
Smoking
13
Which two types of cells are visible with the light microscope?
Answer
(B)
Red blood cells and white blood cells
14
What is formed when oxygen combines with hemoglobin?
Answer
(B)
Oxyhemoglobin
15
In which part of the circulatory system does gas exchange primarily occur?
Answer
(C)
Capillaries
16
What is a characteristic of the red blood cell?
Answer
(B)
They have no nuclei.
17
What is the role of the lungs in the circulatory system?
Answer
(C)
Add oxygen to the blood.
18
What is the condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough blood supply?
Answer
(A)
Angina
19
What is the function of the pulmonary valve?
Answer
(D)
To prevent blood from flowing back into the pulmonary artery
20
What is the main function of hemoglobin?
Answer
(B)
Transporting oxygen
21
What effect does exercise typically have on pulse rate?
Answer
(C)
Increases
22
What is the name of the specialized cells that line the capillaries and enable the exchange of substances?
Answer
(B)
Endothelial cells
23
In a blood smear, which type of cell appears white when stained?
Answer
(C)
White blood cells
24
What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?
Answer
(B)
Atria
25
Where is the bicuspid (mitral) valve located?
Answer
(C)
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
26
Which blood vessels have valves to prevent backflow?
Answer
(B)
Veins
27
What is the function of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Answer
(A)
To prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium
28
What is the main function of the left ventricle?
Answer
(C)
Pumping blood to the body
29
What is the name of the protein that makes the red blood cells red?
Answer
(C)
Hemoglobin
30
What is the role of the aorta in the circulatory system?
Answer
(C)
To distribute oxygenated blood to the body
31
Which of the following components are involved in the body's defense system?
Answer
B
D
32
What is the main function of the blood?
Answer
(C)
To transport substances throughout the body.
33
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur in the lungs?
Answer
(C)
In the alveoli
34
What does haemoglobin combine with in the lungs?
Answer
(C)
Oxygen
35
What causes a heart attack?
Answer
(A)
A blocked blood vessel in the heart
36
What is the name of the process by which white blood cells engulf and destroy pathogens?
Answer
(B)
Phagocytosis
37
Which cell type engulfs and digests pathogens?
Answer
(C)
Phagocytes
38
During exercise, what happens to the amount of blood supplied to muscles?
Answer
(C)
It increases
39
What is the name of the condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen?
Answer
(A)
Angina
40
What are the main functions of blood?
Answer
A
B
C
41
What are the functions of the white blood cells?
Answer
B
D
42
What are the roles of blood clotting?
Answer
A
B
43
What is the condition where arteries become blocked by a build-up of fatty deposits called?
Answer
(C)
Atherosclerosis.
44
What is formed when fibrinogen is converted into fibrin?
Answer
(B)
Clot
45
Which type of white blood cell is responsible for ingesting pathogens?
Answer
(C)
Phagocytes
46
Which activity is most effective for maintaining a healthy weight and preventing CHD?
Answer
(C)
Regular exercise and a balanced diet
47
What is the purpose of the semilunar valves?
Answer
(C)
To prevent backflow from the arteries into the ventricles
48
What happens to blood when the blood is spun in a centrifuge?
Answer
(A)
It separates into three layers.
49
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the systemic circulation (the whole body)?
Answer
(D)
Left ventricle
50
Which of the following is a symptom of angina?
Answer
(A)
Chest pain