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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Plant Nutrition (Section 4)

1
What is the purpose of the leaf's epidermis?
Answer
(B)
To protect the inner parts of the leaf
2
What is the role of stomata in photosynthesis?
Answer
(C)
To allow for gas exchange
3
Which of the following is directly involved in carbon fixation?
Answer
(C)
Carbon dioxide
4
What is the primary function of the air spaces within the spongy mesophyll?
Answer
(C)
To facilitate gas exchange
5
What is the primary role of stomata in leaves?
Answer
(C)
To allow gas exchange
6
What is the role of RuBisCO in photosynthesis?
Answer
(B)
To catalyze the fixation of carbon dioxide.
7
What happens to the glucose produced during photosynthesis?
Answer
A
B
C
8
What is the role of the phloem in a plant?
Answer
(B)
To transport glucose
9
Which of the following conditions are optimal for the highest rate of photosynthesis in a tropical plant?
Answer
(D)
High light intensity, high carbon dioxide concentration, and a temperature of 35°C.
10
What is the main function of the stroma in a chloroplast?
Answer
(C)
To house the enzymes for the Calvin cycle.
11
Which tissue layer in a leaf is directly below the upper epidermis and contains many chloroplasts?
Answer
(C)
Palisade mesophyll
12
In a plant, where would you expect to find the highest concentration of chloroplasts?
Answer
(C)
In the leaves
13
What is the purpose of the experiment involving pondweed and the hydrogen carbonate indicator?
Answer
(B)
To observe the effect of light on photosynthesis and respiration.
14
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during the opening of stomata?
Answer
(A)
Guard cells absorb water, stomata open
15
What are the functions of the guard cells?
Answer
A
B
16
Which tissue is primarily involved in carrying the products of photosynthesis away from the leaf?
Answer
(B)
Phloem
17
What is the role of light in the process of photosynthesis?
Answer
(B)
To split water molecules and energize electrons
18
If you increase the temperature significantly above the optimum level for photosynthesis, what would be the likely outcome?
Answer
(C)
The rate of photosynthesis would decrease.
19
Which of the following is a key difference between the light-dependent and light-independent reactions?
Answer
(A)
Light-dependent reactions require light, while light-independent reactions do not.
20
Which of the following is essential for photosynthesis to occur?
Answer
(C)
Light
21
Which part of the leaf is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy?
Answer
(B)
The mesophyll cells containing chloroplasts
22
What are the primary ways that leaves are adapted for photosynthesis?
Answer
A
B
D
23
What would most likely happen if a plant was not able to obtain nitrate ions?
Answer
(B)
It would not be able to make proteins.
24
In the experiment with the hydrogen carbonate indicator solution, what does the indicator solution do?
Answer
(B)
Detect changes in carbon dioxide concentrations
25
What is the primary purpose of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?
Answer
(C)
To convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
26
If a plant is exposed to low light, high temperature and high CO2 concentrations, what is the most likely limiting factor?
Answer
(A)
Light intensity
27
Which of the following are the products of the light-dependent reactions?
Answer
A
B
28
What is the primary function of the vascular bundles in a leaf?
Answer
(C)
To transport water and nutrients.
29
What is the source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis?
Answer
(C)
Water
30
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Answer
A
C
31
What are the basic ingredients or reactants for photosynthesis?
Answer
B
C
32
What is the name of the cells where photosynthesis happens?
Answer
(B)
Palisade mesophyll cells
33
What is the primary role of chlorophyll?
Answer
(B)
To absorb light energy
34
What is the primary product of photosynthesis that the plant utilizes for energy?
Answer
(C)
Glucose
35
What type of energy does photosynthesis use as its energy source?
Answer
(C)
Light Energy
36
What processes in photosynthesis are responsible for light energy to be converted into chemical energy?
Answer
A
B
37
How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Answer
(D)
The rate increases up to a certain temperature and then decreases.
38
What is the role of glucose produced in photosynthesis?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
39
Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Answer
(D)
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite processes where one provides the reactants for the other.
40
What specific mineral ion is crucial for the production of chlorophyll in plants?
Answer
(B)
Magnesium ions
41
What would be the result of decreasing light intensity on a plant?
Answer
(B)
Decreased photosynthesis
42
Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals within a leaf?
Answer
(B)
Xylem
43
Which cell structure inside the palisade mesophyll cells is essential for photosynthesis?
Answer
(B)
The chloroplast
44
Which gas is essential for photosynthesis and is taken in through the stomata?
Answer
(C)
Carbon dioxide
45
What gas is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?
Answer
(B)
Oxygen
46
Which of the following processes is most directly related to the opening and closing of stomata?
Answer
(A)
Transpiration
47
What is the purpose of the cuticle on the leaf?
Answer
(C)
To reduce water loss
48
What is the purpose of the iodine solution in the starch test?
Answer
(C)
To test for the presence of starch
49
What are the main environmental factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Answer
A
B
D
50
What is the role of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle?
Answer
(B)
They provide the energy and reducing power needed to convert carbon dioxide to glucose.