Biology for IGCSE & O level - Movement Into And Out Of Cells (Section 5)
1
Which of the following factors affects the rate of diffusion?
Answer
A
B
C
D
2
Which of the following conditions would most likely result in plasmolysis of a plant cell?
Answer
(C)
The cell is placed in a hypertonic solution.
3
Which type of transport relies on a concentration gradient?
Answer
(D)
Diffusion
4
In which of the following scenarios is active transport most likely to be used?
Answer
(C)
Moving sodium ions from the blood into a kidney cell.
5
Which of the following best describes diffusion?
Answer
(B)
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
6
Which type of transport relies on protein channels or carrier proteins?
Answer
(D)
Facilitated diffusion
7
What type of environment would result in a plant cell becoming turgid?
Answer
(B)
Hypotonic solution
8
Which term refers to the shrinking of a plant cell's cytoplasm away from the cell wall?
Answer
(B)
Plasmolysis
9
How does the cell membrane act to maintain cell homeostasis?
Answer
(B)
By acting as a selectively permeable barrier that regulates what enters and exits.
10
What is the term for the bursting of an animal cell due to water intake?
Answer
(C)
Lysis
11
In a plant cell, what prevents the cell from bursting when water enters by osmosis?
Answer
(B)
The cell wall
12
What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Answer
(B)
Facilitated diffusion requires protein channels, while diffusion does not.
13
Which of the following statements best describes plasmolysis in a plant cell?
Answer
(A)
The cell membrane separates from the cell wall.
14
What is the driving force of osmosis?
Answer
(A)
The water potential gradient
15
What is the primary function of active transport?
Answer
(C)
To move molecules against a concentration gradient.
16
What is the role of the cell membrane during osmosis?
Answer
(C)
It is selectively permeable, allowing water to pass through while restricting solute movement.
17
How does surface area affect the rate of diffusion?
Answer
(B)
A larger surface area increases the rate of diffusion.
18
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between water potential and solute concentration?
Answer
(C)
As solute concentration increases, water potential decreases.
19
Which of the following would increase the rate of diffusion of a substance across a cell membrane?
Answer
A
C
D
20
Which process is directly involved in the absorption of mineral ions by root hair cells?
Answer
(C)
Active Transport
21
If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what will happen to the cell?
Answer
(C)
Water will move into and out of the cell at equal rates, so the cell will remain the same.
22
What type of environment is required for a plant cell to become flaccid?
Answer
(C)
Isotonic
23
Which cellular structure is directly involved in active transport?
Answer
(B)
The cell membrane
24
Which of these is NOT required for active transport to occur?
Answer
(A)
A concentration gradient
25
Which of the following statements is true about osmosis in plant cells?
Answer
(D)
Water moves into plant cells when the water potential inside the cell is lower than outside.
26
Which of the following is the definition of "water potential?"
Answer
(A)
The potential energy of water in a system.
27
What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump?
Answer
(B)
To move sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane against their concentration gradients.
28
What is meant by the term "turgid" when describing a plant cell?
Answer
(C)
The cell is firm and swollen due to water uptake.
29
What is the main driving force behind osmosis?
Answer
(B)
The water potential gradient.
30
Which process directly involves the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane?
Answer
(B)
Osmosis
31
If two solutions are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, and the solution on side A has a higher water potential than the solution on side B, which way will water move?
Answer
(A)
From side A to side B.
32
What is meant by "water potential"?
Answer
(C)
The tendency of water to move by osmosis.
33
What will happen to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?
Answer
(B)
It becomes plasmolysed.
34
If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what does this mean?
Answer
(B)
The solute concentration is the same inside and outside the cell.
35
Which of the following is the best description of a concentration gradient?
Answer
(A)
The difference in concentration of a substance across a space.
36
What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and diffusion?
Answer
(B)
Facilitated diffusion uses channel or carrier proteins, while diffusion does not.
37
In the experiment involving a model cell and sugar solution, what observation would provide evidence of osmosis?
Answer
(C)
The mass of the model cell increases.
38
Which factor has the greatest effect on the rate of diffusion?
Answer
(C)
The concentration gradient
39
Which process requires the expenditure of cellular energy (ATP)?
Answer
(D)
Active transport
40
What is the difference between diffusion and active transport?
Answer
(C)
Diffusion moves molecules down a concentration gradient, while active transport moves them against a concentration gradient.
41
Which type of transport requires the use of protein channels?
Answer
(D)
Active transport
42
What is the role of ATP in active transport?
Answer
(B)
It provides the energy needed for the transport.
43
What does the term 'turgor pressure' refer to in plant cells?
Answer
(A)
The pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall.
44
Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion?
Answer
A
B
45
What happens to an animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
Answer
(C)
The cell bursts (lyses).
46
What is the net direction of water movement during osmosis?
Answer
(A)
From a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.
47
What is a concentration gradient?
Answer
(B)
The difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.
48
Which factor increases the rate of osmosis?
Answer
(B)
A steeper water potential gradient
49
In which scenario would diffusion likely occur most rapidly?
Answer
(D)
At a high temperature with a large concentration gradient.
50
What would happen if you put a plant cell in pure water?
