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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 7)

1
Which of the following best describes the product of meiosis II?
Answer
(D)
Four haploid cells
2
During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
Answer
(B)
Anaphase II
3
If a woman has a dominant trait and her partner does not, what can be said about the phenotype of the children?
Answer
(C)
Some children will have the trait.
4
What is the function of the start codon in translation?
Answer
(B)
To initiate protein synthesis.
5
If a woman has a colorblind son, and her husband has normal vision, what must be the woman's genotype, assuming that colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait?
Answer
(C)
XBXb
6
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Answer
(B)
To bring amino acids to the ribosomes.
7
Which of the following statements are true about alleles?
Answer
A
D
8
Which statements are true about recessive alleles?
Answer
A
D
9
During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes first become visible?
Answer
(A)
Prophase
10
What type of inheritance results in a blended phenotype?
Answer
(C)
Incomplete dominance
11
What type of cell division is involved in the growth and repair of the body?
Answer
(C)
Mitosis
12
Which of the following processes is responsible for creating new combinations of alleles in offspring?
Answer
(C)
Crossing over
13
Which of the following occurs during interphase?
Answer
(B)
DNA replication
14
In a dihybrid cross involving two unlinked genes, what is the expected phenotypic ratio for the offspring of two heterozygous parents (AaBb x AaBb)?
Answer
(A)
9:3:3:1
15
Which of the following are characteristics of meiosis?
Answer
A
C
16
Which of the following are examples of a recessive trait?
Answer
B
C
17
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic cell?
Answer
(B)
46
18
In incomplete dominance, what will the phenotype of a heterozygote look like?
Answer
(C)
It will have an intermediate phenotype.
19
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Answer
(B)
To bring amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
20
How does a cell maintain its size during cell division?
Answer
(B)
By dividing into two daughter cells with similar characteristics.
21
In a pedigree, what does a filled-in symbol typically represent?
Answer
(A)
An individual with the trait.
22
If a heterozygous individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual, what percentage of the offspring will display the recessive phenotype?
Answer
(C)
50%
23
What is the difference between the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment?
Answer
(B)
The law of segregation applies to a single trait, while the law of independent assortment applies to multiple traits.
24
What is the relationship between the alleles in cases of incomplete dominance?
Answer
(C)
Neither allele is completely dominant.
25
What is the function of a gene?
Answer
(B)
To code for a specific protein.
26
What is a gene mutation?
Answer
(A)
A change in the DNA sequence.
27
What is the role of the stop codon in translation?
Answer
(C)
To signal the end of translation.
28
In the context of genetics, what does the term 'allele' refer to?
Answer
(B)
An alternative form of a gene.
29
Which of the following are directly involved in the process of translation? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
30
What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?
Answer
C
D
31
Which of the following processes occur during prophase I of meiosis?
Answer
(B)
Homologous chromosomes pair up.
32
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Answer
(B)
Storing genetic information
33
What is the ploidy of the cells at the end of Meiosis II?
Answer
(A)
Haploid
34
What is the role of the spindle fibers in meiosis?
Answer
(B)
To separate homologous chromosomes.
35
What does the term "homozygous" refer to?
Answer
(B)
Having two identical alleles for a trait.
36
What is the role of homologous chromosomes in meiosis?
Answer
(B)
To carry the same genes, though possibly different alleles.
37
How many cell divisions occur during meiosis?
Answer
(B)
2
38
Which of the following is/are true about the structure of DNA? (Select all that apply)
Answer
C
D
39
What is the term for a gene that is located on a sex chromosome?
Answer
(B)
Sex-linked
40
What is the probability of two heterozygous parents (Bb x Bb) producing a homozygous recessive offspring?
Answer
(B)
25%
41
What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?
Answer
(B)
It creates genetic variation.
42
What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
Answer
(B)
The sequence of codons in the mRNA.
43
Which of the following are examples of a monohybrid inheritance pattern?
Answer
A
C
44
Which process is responsible for the synthesis of a polypeptide from mRNA?
Answer
(C)
Translation
45
Which of the following are stages of mitosis? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
D
46
Which of the following is a characteristic of a gamete?
Answer
(C)
It is a sex cell (sperm or egg).
47
Which of the following are required for protein synthesis? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
48
Which of the following statements is true regarding the resulting cells of Meiosis? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
C
49
What is the name for the condition in which one gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits?
Answer
(B)
Pleiotropy
50
Which of the following is true about a cell's genetic material? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C