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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 5)

1
In genetics, what does 'wild type' refer to?
Answer
(B)
The most common phenotype in a population.
2
What does 'carrier' refer to in genetics?
Answer
B
C
D
3
What does the term 'phenotype' refer to?
Answer
(B)
The physical characteristics of an organism.
4
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between a gene and a protein?
Answer
A
B
5
What are the stages involved in protein synthesis?
Answer
A
B
6
What is the purpose of the codons in mRNA?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
7
Which stage of meiosis is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes?
Answer
(C)
Anaphase I
8
What is the relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins?
Answer
(C)
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
9
Codominance is best illustrated by which of the following examples?
Answer
(B)
ABO blood groups.
10
What is the result of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?
Answer
(C)
The chromosome number is halved.
11
Which type of cell division produces genetically identical daughter cells?
Answer
(C)
Mitosis
12
Which of the following is an example of a human somatic cell?
Answer
(C)
Skin cell
13
What is the function of a start codon?
Answer
(C)
To initiate the process of translation.
14
Which of the following describes the process of translation?
Answer
(B)
RNA to protein
15
Which sex chromosome configuration is typically associated with a male?
Answer
(B)
XY
16
Which of the following are examples of mutagens?
Answer
A
B
C
17
Which of the following are examples of traits that are likely influenced by multiple genes (polygenic inheritance)?
Answer
A
B
18
Which of the following processes is directly involved in protein synthesis?
Answer
(A)
Translation
19
Which process creates new cells for growth and repair in multicellular organisms?
Answer
(C)
Mitosis
20
Which of the following are involved in protein synthesis?
Answer
A
B
C
D
21
What is the genotype of an individual who has the blood type AB?
Answer
(D)
IAIB
22
Which of the following are crucial steps in protein synthesis?
Answer
A
B
23
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate?
Answer
(C)
Anaphase
24
What do DNA, RNA, and proteins have in common?
Answer
A
C
25
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of alleles?
Answer
(A)
Alternative forms of a gene.
26
How many rounds of cell division occur during meiosis?
Answer
(B)
2
27
What is the term for a change in the sequence of DNA?
Answer
(C)
Mutation
28
What is the function of the anticodon in tRNA?
Answer
(B)
To bind to the mRNA codon.
29
What is the function of cytokinesis?
Answer
(B)
To divide the cytoplasm.
30
Which of the following is a key principle of Mendel's Law of Segregation?
Answer
(A)
Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation.
31
A plant with the genotype Tt is described as:
Answer
(C)
Heterozygous
32
What is the term for the situation where a gene on one chromosome affects or influences the expression of a gene on another chromosome?
Answer
(B)
Epistasis
33
During which phase of meiosis does the synapsis of homologous chromosomes occur?
Answer
(A)
Prophase I
34
What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?
Answer
(B)
To assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains.
35
Which of the following statements about Meiosis II is correct?
Answer
(C)
Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II.
36
Which of the following are features of cancer cells?
Answer
A
B
37
If a man with normal vision marries a woman who is a carrier for color blindness, what is the probability that their daughter will be color blind?
Answer
(A)
0%
38
Which processes are involved in protein synthesis?
Answer
A
B
39
What is the role of DNA in inheritance?
Answer
(A)
Carrying genetic information
40
What is a karyotype?
Answer
(A)
A picture of an individual's chromosomes.
41
Which of the following events contributes to genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms?
Answer
A
C
42
What is the difference between a gene and an allele?
Answer
(B)
An allele is a version of a gene.
43
Which of the following are key features of a pedigree chart?
Answer
C
D
44
Which of the following events occurs during metaphase of mitosis?
Answer
(A)
Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
45
What is a gene?
Answer
(B)
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA.
46
Which of the following statements correctly describe a gene?
Answer
A
B
D
47
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Answer
(B)
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells; meiosis produces genetically diverse cells.
48
What is a mutation?
Answer
(A)
A change in the DNA sequence.
49
What is a benefit of sexual reproduction?
Answer
(C)
It allows for adaptation to changing environments.
50
What is the genotypic ratio expected from a monohybrid cross between a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual?
Answer
(D)
All of the offspring are the same genotype.