Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 3)
1
What are some examples of base triplets?
Answer
B
D
2
Which of the following is an example of a human trait that follows Mendelian inheritance?
Answer
(C)
Attached earlobes
3
Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked trait in humans?
Answer
(C)
Red-green color blindness
4
Which of the following would be an example of codominance?
Answer
(B)
Blood type A, B, AB, and O
5
Which of the following occurs during telophase of mitosis?
Answer
(C)
The nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes.
6
In autosomal recessive inheritance, an affected individual must inherit:
Answer
(B)
Two copies of the affected gene, one from each parent
7
Which of the following is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?
Answer
(C)
Transcription
8
In humans, the genotype for a female is typically represented by:
Answer
(B)
XX
9
What does the term 'recessive' refer to in genetics?
Answer
(B)
An allele that is only expressed when homozygous.
10
If a trait is X-linked recessive, which of the following statements is true?
Answer
(A)
Males are more likely to express the trait than females.
11
During Meiosis I, what happens to the homologous chromosomes?
Answer
(C)
They separate.
12
Which of the following processes is most directly responsible for the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
Answer
(C)
Independent assortment
13
Which of the following are key functions of proteins in cells?
Answer
A
B
D
14
What is the key event that occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?
Answer
(A)
Homologous chromosomes separate.
15
What is the diploid number in humans?
Answer
(B)
46
16
What is the role of the stop codons in protein synthesis?
Answer
(C)
To signal the end of translation.
17
Which of the following statements about DNA structure is/are correct?
Answer
B
D
18
What is the outcome of meiosis in humans?
Answer
(C)
Four haploid cells
19
Which of the following are types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
Answer
A
B
C
20
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Answer
(B)
To bring amino acids to the ribosome
21
What is the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
Answer
(A)
Genes are found on chromosomes.
22
Which of the following occurs during Telophase I of meiosis?
Answer
(C)
The nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes decondense.
23
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
Answer
(B)
Protein modification and packaging
24
What is the name for the process of making an RNA copy of a gene?
Answer
(C)
Transcription
25
What process occurs during meiosis that increases genetic diversity?
Answer
(C)
Crossing over
26
Which of the following are key components of the central dogma of molecular biology?
Answer
A
B
C
27
Which of the following occurs during anaphase of mitosis?
Answer
(C)
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
28
If two genes are located far apart on the same chromosome, what is more likely to occur?
Answer
(B)
Crossing over between the genes
29
In which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Answer
(A)
Prophase I
30
Which of the following is essential for the process of translation?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
31
In a dihybrid cross, what is the expected phenotypic ratio if both parents are heterozygous for both traits (assuming independent assortment and complete dominance)?
Answer
(A)
9:3:3:1
32
What happens to the chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis?
Answer
(C)
They separate and move to opposite poles.
33
What is the product of transcription?
Answer
(C)
mRNA
34
What are some key aspects of the genetic code?
Answer
A
B
C
35
Which of the following terms best describes the condition where a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits?
Answer
(A)
Pleiotropy
36
What are the key functions of proteins in a cell?
Answer
A
B
D
37
What is the term for the location of a gene on a chromosome?
Answer
(B)
Locus
38
Which of the following would be the expected genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross (e.g., Tt x Tt)?
Answer
(B)
1:2:1
39
What does the principle of segregation state?
Answer
(B)
Alleles separate during gamete formation.
40
What is the term for a cell containing two sets of chromosomes?
Answer
(B)
Diploid
41
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
Answer
(B)
To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.
42
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?
Answer
(A)
It carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
43
Where does translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Answer
(B)
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm
44
In what type of cell does meiosis take place?
Answer
(C)
Germ cells
45
Which processes contribute to genetic variation?
Answer
A
B
46
What does the term 'haploid' refer to?
Answer
(B)
Having one set of chromosomes
47
What type of inheritance pattern results in a heterozygous individual showing a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes?
Answer
(B)
Incomplete dominance
48
Which of the following would be an example of a polygenic trait?
Answer
(A)
Eye color in humans
49
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between genes, alleles, and chromosomes?
Answer
A
B
50
What process is involved in the formation of mRNA from a DNA template?
