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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 2)

1
Which of the following genotypes is possible for a person with blood type B?
Answer
(B)
IBIB
2
Which of the following statements are true regarding incomplete dominance?
Answer
(A)
The heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.
3
What is the outcome of DNA replication?
Answer
(C)
Two identical DNA molecules
4
In the context of genetics, what does 'locus' refer to?
Answer
(B)
The position of a gene on a chromosome
5
What are some key characteristics of genetic mutations?
Answer
B
C
6
Which of the following describes the main function of a Punnett square?
Answer
(B)
To predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
7
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Answer
(B)
S phase
8
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow and carry out normal functions?
Answer
(B)
G1 phase
9
What is the main purpose of translation in genetics?
Answer
(B)
To synthesize proteins.
10
Which of the following statements are true regarding the differences between DNA and RNA?
Answer
A
D
11
What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a monohybrid cross of two heterozygous parents (e.g., Tt x Tt)?
Answer
(B)
1:2:1
12
Which of the following are potential causes of genetic variation?
Answer
A
B
13
If a person has a blood type of A, what are the possible genotypes?
Answer
(A)
AA or AO
14
In which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
Answer
(B)
Anaphase I
15
Which of the following statements about the cell cycle are true?
Answer
A
C
D
16
What is the correct sequence of events in the cell cycle?
Answer
(A)
G1 -> S -> G2 -> M
17
Which of the following is NOT directly involved in translation?
Answer
(D)
DNA
18
What are the possible outcomes of a cross between two heterozygous individuals for a single trait (e.g., Tt x Tt)?
Answer
A
B
C
D
19
Which blood type(s) can a person with blood type O donate to?
Answer
(C)
O only
20
What is a karyotype?
Answer
(B)
A visual representation of an individual's chromosomes.
21
What is the role of homologous chromosomes in meiosis?
Answer
(B)
To pair up and exchange genetic material.
22
Which of the following are correct statements about meiosis?
Answer
B
C
23
Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?
Answer
(B)
Genes for different traits assort independently during gamete formation.
24
Which of the following describe important processes that occur during Meiosis I?
Answer
A
B
D
25
What is the primary function of meiosis?
Answer
(C)
Production of gametes (sex cells).
26
What type of cell division is responsible for the formation of sperm and egg cells?
Answer
(C)
Meiosis
27
What is the term for the process by which a gene's information is transferred from DNA to RNA?
Answer
(B)
Transcription
28
In a situation of codominance, what will the phenotype of the heterozygote be?
Answer
(C)
The simultaneous expression of both homozygous phenotypes.
29
Which of the following are important proteins in the cell?
Answer
A
B
C
D
30
Which stage of meiosis produces four haploid cells?
Answer
(B)
Meiosis II
31
What are the main stages of interphase?
Answer
A
B
C
32
In the context of genetics, what does 'homozygous' mean?
Answer
(B)
Having two identical alleles for a trait.
33
In meiosis, what happens to the chromosome number?
Answer
(C)
It is halved.
34
What are the key components involved in transcription?
Answer
A
B
D
35
What are some of the results of mitosis?
Answer
A
B
D
36
What is the purpose of a pedigree chart in genetics?
Answer
(C)
To track the inheritance of traits within a family.
37
What is the main difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis?
Answer
(A)
Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous chromosomes separate in anaphase I of meiosis.
38
Which of the following is true about the function of the enzyme?
Answer
A
B
C
39
Which of the following is involved in forming a protein?
Answer
A
B
C
40
If a woman has red-green colorblindness, what can you infer about her parents?
Answer
(C)
Her father must be colorblind and her mother must carry the colorblindness allele.
41
If a woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder has a child, what is the probability that a son will inherit the disorder?
Answer
(C)
50%
42
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?
Answer
(B)
To bring amino acids to the ribosomes.
43
Which of the following is a difference between anaphase I and anaphase II of meiosis?
Answer
(A)
Homologous chromosomes separate in anaphase I; sister chromatids separate in anaphase II.
44
What is the probability of a woman who is a carrier for red-green color blindness and a man with normal vision having a color-blind son?
Answer
(C)
50%
45
What is the significance of the metaphase plate in mitosis?
Answer
(C)
It's where the chromosomes line up.
46
Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
Answer
B
C
47
Which of the following are components of a nucleotide?
Answer
A
B
C
48
Which of the following is a characteristic of dominant alleles?
Answer
(B)
They mask the expression of recessive alleles.
49
What is the function of stop codons?
Answer
(B)
To signal the end of translation.
50
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Answer
(C)
To create two identical daughter cells.