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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Human Nutrition (Section 2)

1
Which nutrient is most directly involved in building and repairing body tissues?
Answer
(B)
Proteins
2
Which food group provides the most energy?
Answer
(B)
Fats
3
What is the name of the hard outer layer of a tooth?
Answer
(C)
Enamel
4
What is the primary role of the enzyme amylase in digestion?
Answer
(C)
Breaks down carbohydrates.
5
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Answer
(B)
To prevent food from entering the trachea.
6
What does the term "absorption" in the context of digestion refer to?
Answer
(C)
The movement of digested food molecules into the bloodstream or lymph.
7
Which of the following processes occur in the stomach?
Answer
A
C
8
Where is the site of the greatest chemical digestion in the alimentary canal?
Answer
(C)
Small Intestine
9
Which of the following is the correct order of the small intestine sections from stomach to the large intestine?
Answer
(B)
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
10
What are the two main categories of nutrients?
Answer
(B)
Micro and Macro nutrients
11
Which teeth are most involved in chewing and grinding food?
Answer
(C)
Premolars and molars
12
What is the function of fibre in the diet?
Answer
(C)
Aids in digestion and prevents constipation.
13
Which type of teeth are primarily responsible for grinding food?
Answer
(D)
Molars
14
Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient?
Answer
(C)
Vitamins
15
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver related to digestion?
Answer
(C)
Neutralization of stomach acid
16
Which part of the digestive system connects the mouth to the stomach?
Answer
(C)
Oesophagus
17
What are the main functions of a balanced diet in the human body?
Answer
A
B
D
18
What type of digestion involves breaking down food into smaller pieces without changing its chemical composition?
Answer
(B)
Physical Digestion
19
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down protein in the stomach?
Answer
(C)
Protease
20
Which of the following is an example of physical digestion?
Answer
(B)
The churning action of the stomach.
21
In which part of the digestive system does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?
Answer
(C)
Small intestine
22
Which of the following is NOT a component of saliva?
Answer
(C)
Hydrochloric acid
23
What are the main components of gastric juice?
Answer
B
C
D
24
What is the meaning of 'a balanced diet'?
Answer
(B)
A diet that contains all of the nutrients in the correct proportions.
25
What is the role of saliva in digestion?
Answer
(B)
To start the digestion of carbohydrates.
26
What type of molecule does the enzyme amylase break down?
Answer
(C)
Starch
27
Which of the following is a characteristic of a healthy balanced diet?
Answer
A
B
C
28
What structures in the small intestine increase the surface area for absorption?
Answer
(A)
Microvilli and villi.
29
Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?
Answer
(C)
Absorbing most nutrients
30
What is the primary function of fats in the diet?
Answer
(B)
To provide long-term energy storage.
31
Which of the following is NOT a product of protein digestion?
Answer
(C)
Glucose
32
What is the main purpose of digestion?
Answer
(B)
To break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed.
33
What is the purpose of peristalsis?
Answer
(C)
To move food through the digestive tract.
34
What type of teeth are responsible for tearing food?
Answer
(B)
Canines
35
Which process follows absorption in the digestive system?
Answer
(B)
Assimilation
36
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the small intestine?
Answer
(D)
Trypsin
37
What is the role of the enzyme, maltase?
Answer
(A)
Breaks down maltose into glucose.
38
Which of the following is produced by the liver?
Answer
(B)
Bile
39
Which of the following are secretions that aid in digestion?
Answer
A
B
C
40
Which of the following is an important role of the duodenum?
Answer
(B)
Receiving secretions from the pancreas and liver.
41
What is the role of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
Answer
(B)
To increase surface area for absorption.
42
What is the role of the stomach in digestion?
Answer
(B)
Storing and mixing food with gastric juices
43
Which of the following is NOT a function of food in our body?
Answer
(D)
To build muscle mass only
44
Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
Answer
(C)
Grains
45
In the digestive process, what happens after the food is chewed and swallowed?
Answer
A
B
46
Which enzyme breaks down fats?
Answer
(B)
Lipase
47
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
Answer
(B)
To increase the surface area for absorption.
48
Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?
Answer
B
C
D
49
Which of the following best defines physical digestion?
Answer
(B)
The breaking down of food into smaller pieces.
50
What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Answer
(D)
To kill bacteria and activate pepsin.