Biology for IGCSE & O level - Human Influences On Ecosystems (Section 7)
1
Which of the following is a consequence of the depletion of the ozone layer?
Answer
(B)
Increased risk of skin cancer in humans.
2
Which activity contributes the most to air pollution?
Answer
(B)
Burning of fossil fuels
3
What are some examples of air pollutants?
Answer
A
B
D
4
Which activity is linked to the concept of sustainable resource management?
Answer
(C)
Implementing policies that support both harvesting and resource renewal
5
What is the primary goal of selective breeding in agriculture?
Answer
(B)
To make plants more resistant to pests and diseases
6
What is the purpose of 'reintroduction programmes' in conservation?
Answer
(B)
To release captive-bred animals back into the wild.
7
What is the benefit of using 'eco-friendly' building materials?
Answer
(A)
To reduce the carbon footprint of construction and operation.
8
What are the main components of municipal solid waste?
Answer
A
B
C
9
What is the role of seed banks in conservation?
Answer
(A)
To store seeds of endangered species for future use.
10
Which of the following describes the process of bioaccumulation?
Answer
(B)
The increase in concentration of a substance in organisms as it moves up a food chain.
11
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of habitat destruction?
Answer
(C)
A decrease in the population size of a species.
12
What term describes the process where pollutants become more concentrated as they move up the food chain?
Answer
(C)
Biomagnification
13
What is cryopreservation used for in conservation?
Answer
(B)
To freeze and store sperm, eggs, or embryos.
14
What is the role of national parks in conservation?
Answer
(C)
To protect ecosystems and species.
15
Which is an example of a non-renewable resource?
Answer
(C)
Fossil fuels
16
Which of the following is a potential impact of global warming on ecosystems?
Answer
(B)
Changes in species distribution
17
What does 'carrying capacity' refer to in ecology?
Answer
(A)
The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support.
18
What does 'in situ' conservation refer to?
Answer
(B)
Conservation within the natural habitat.
19
What is the relationship between sustainable development and conservation?
Answer
(C)
Sustainable development aims to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs, often incorporating conservation principles.
20
Which of the following is a factor that could lead to desertification?
Answer
(B)
Deforestation
21
What is the main aim of 'sustainable fishing' practices?
Answer
(C)
To maintain fish populations at a level that allows for continued harvesting.
22
What is the role of a wildlife corridor?
Answer
(A)
Connects fragmented habitats
23
What is a key characteristic of a 'keystone species'?
Answer
(C)
Its presence significantly influences the structure and function of an ecosystem.
24
What is the relationship between deforestation and climate change?
Answer
(C)
Deforestation increases greenhouse gas emissions.
25
Which of the following is a major challenge in conserving endangered species through captive breeding?
Answer
(C)
Maintaining genetic diversity in the captive population.
26
What type of farming is more likely to reduce the effects of pollution?
Answer
(B)
Organic farming
27
What is a primary cause of species extinction?
Answer
(B)
Habitat destruction and degradation
28
What are some methods for reducing water pollution?
Answer
A
B
D
29
Which is a main consequence of water pollution?
Answer
A
B
C
30
What are some of the benefits of using 'sustainable agriculture' practices?
Answer
A
B
C
31
What is 'biomagnification'?
Answer
(B)
The process by which toxins accumulate in organisms at higher trophic levels.
32
What is the main source of energy for the Earth's climate system?
Answer
(B)
Solar energy
33
What type of farming focuses on the protection of biodiversity?
Answer
(B)
Organic Farming
34
What is species monitoring used for in conservation?
Answer
(C)
To track population sizes and trends.
35
What term describes an organism that is no longer found in its natural environment, but remains alive in captivity?
Answer
(D)
Extirpated
36
Which is a benefit of reducing emissions?
Answer
(B)
Reduces air pollution.
37
What is the main purpose of CITES?
Answer
(B)
To regulate the trade of endangered species.
38
What is 'bycatch' in the context of fishing?
Answer
(C)
The unwanted marine life caught during fishing.
39
What is eutrophication?
Answer
(B)
The process of algae blooms reducing oxygen in water.
40
What is the primary threat to coral reefs?
Answer
(A)
Ocean acidification and warming waters.
41
How can individuals help reduce their carbon footprint?
Answer
A
B
C
42
Which of the following is a possible consequence of climate change on species?
Answer
(C)
Changes in the composition of ecosystems
43
Which of the following is a source of land pollution?
Answer
A
B
C
44
What is the main cause of habitat destruction?
Answer
(D)
Human activities and land use changes
45
What is the result of the process of eutrophication?
Answer
(C)
An increase in the number of algae, followed by a decrease in oxygen levels.
46
Which of the following is a potential negative impact of intensive livestock farming?
Answer
A
B
C
47
Which of the following is NOT a method used for captive breeding?
Answer
(D)
Hunting for sport.
48
What is a potential consequence of climate change on coral reefs?
Answer
(B)
Coral bleaching.
49
Which of the following is an effect of eutrophication?
