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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Gas Exchange In Humans (Section 4)

1
What does the process of breathing entail?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
2
What are the functions of the respiratory system? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
C
D
3
What is a key difference in the composition of inhaled and exhaled air?
Answer
(B)
Exhaled air has less oxygen and more carbon dioxide.
4
What is the approximate percentage of nitrogen in inhaled air?
Answer
(A)
78%
5
What is the function of the trachea?
Answer
(B)
To transport air to and from the lungs
6
Where are the vocal cords located?
Answer
(B)
Larynx
7
The trachea is supported by...
Answer
(B)
Cartilage rings
8
What is the approximate percentage of carbon dioxide in inhaled air?
Answer
(C)
0.04%
9
What happens to the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood as it passes through the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?
Answer
(B)
Oxygen increases, carbon dioxide decreases
10
Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
Answer
(B)
Epiglottis
11
Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Answer
(C)
To facilitate gas exchange.
12
Which of the following conditions would likely trigger an increase in breathing rate? (Select all that apply)
Answer
B
C
13
Which gas diffuses from the blood into the alveoli?
Answer
(C)
Carbon Dioxide
14
During exhalation, which of the following events occur?
Answer
(A)
The diaphragm contracts and moves upward.
15
What would be the impact if a person's cilia in their respiratory system stopped functioning? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
16
What is the function of cilia in the respiratory system?
Answer
(B)
To trap and remove dust particles and pathogens
17
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the gas exchange surfaces?
Answer
(D)
Thick walls
18
Which gas enters the blood from the alveoli?
Answer
(B)
Oxygen
19
What is the purpose of the cartilage rings in the trachea?
Answer
(B)
To keep the trachea open
20
Which of the following best explains why the lungs have a large surface area?
Answer
(B)
To increase the rate of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
21
What prevents food from entering the airway?
Answer
(B)
Epiglottis
22
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Answer
(D)
To facilitate gas exchange
23
What is the effect of exercise on breathing?
Answer
(B)
Breathing rate increases and depth increases
24
During exercise, which of the following happens to the muscles involved in breathing? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
25
Which of the following would increase the breathing rate?
Answer
(A)
Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
26
Which of the following is a function of the trachea?
Answer
B
C
27
What is the role of the epiglottis?
Answer
(B)
To prevent food from entering the trachea.
28
Which of the following is a function of the nose?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
29
Which of the following is a factor that influences breathing rate? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
D
30
What is the name of the structures that branch out from the trachea?
Answer
(A)
Bronchi
31
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the alveoli?
Answer
(D)
Thick walls
32
Which of the following is NOT involved in inhalation?
Answer
(D)
Diaphragm relaxing
33
How does exercise affect the rate and depth of breathing?
Answer
(D)
Both the rate and depth increase.
34
Which of the following structures carries air into the lungs?
Answer
(B)
Trachea
35
What happens to the concentration gradient of oxygen and carbon dioxide during gas exchange in the lungs?
Answer
(A)
Oxygen diffuses into the blood; carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli
36
What is the role of the lungs in the respiratory system?
Answer
(B)
To facilitate gas exchange
37
What is the name of the air passageways that branch from the trachea to the lungs?
Answer
(C)
Bronchi
38
Which of the following are processes that occur during inhalation? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
39
What is the purpose of the cilia in the respiratory system?
Answer
(B)
To trap and remove particles
40
The gas exchange in the lungs happens because of (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
41
What is the effect of a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood?
Answer
(B)
Increases the breathing rate
42
Which of the following helps maintain the openness of the trachea?
Answer
(B)
Cartilage rings
43
What happens to the volume of the chest cavity during exhalation?
Answer
(B)
Decreases
44
What is the role of the intercostal muscles in breathing? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
C
45
The process of gas exchange occurs via ____
Answer
(B)
Diffusion
46
Which of the following is a function of the trachea?
Answer
(C)
To carry air to the lungs
47
During which process does the chest cavity volume decrease?
Answer
(B)
Exhalation
48
What term describes the volume of air in one breath?
Answer
(B)
Tidal volume
49
What is the approximate percentage of carbon dioxide in exhaled air?
Answer
(B)
4%
50
What is the purpose of the bronchioles?
Answer
(B)
To transport air to the alveoli