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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Gas Exchange In Humans (Section 2)

1
What is the approximate normal breathing rate for an adult at rest?
Answer
(B)
12-20 breaths per minute
2
What is the role of the brain in regulating breathing rate?
Answer
(C)
The brain receives information about blood gases and adjusts breathing rate accordingly.
3
What is the main purpose of the mucus produced in the respiratory tract?
Answer
(C)
To trap inhaled particles and pathogens.
4
Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible for filtering air?
Answer
(C)
The nose
5
What is the function of the trachea?
Answer
(C)
To transport air to and from the lungs.
6
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between exercise and the amount of CO2 produced?
Answer
(C)
The amount of CO2 produced increases with exercise.
7
Which of the following is an example of a physical change that occurs during breathing?
Answer
(C)
The contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm.
8
Which of the following is the correct pathway of air from the trachea to the alveoli?
Answer
(B)
Trachea -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli
9
Which of the following is a function of the cilia lining the respiratory tract?
Answer
(D)
To move mucus and trapped particles.
10
Which of the following is a factor that increases the rate of breathing?
Answer
(B)
Increased metabolic demand during exercise.
11
Which of the following is a correct order of structures through which air passes during exhalation?
Answer
(A)
Alveoli -> Bronchioles -> Bronchi -> Trachea
12
What structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
Answer
(B)
Epiglottis
13
What happens to the rib cage during exhalation?
Answer
(B)
It moves downwards and inwards.
14
Which of the following is NOT a feature that aids gas exchange in the alveoli?
Answer
(D)
Thick walls
15
What happens to the muscles of the diaphragm during inhalation?
Answer
(B)
They contract, moving downwards
16
How does the body eliminate carbon dioxide?
Answer
(C)
Through the lungs during exhalation.
17
What part of the respiratory system humidifies the air you breathe?
Answer
(B)
Nose
18
What would be the immediate effects on the breathing rate if blood CO2 levels suddenly increased?
Answer
(C)
Breathing rate would increase
19
What is the purpose of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea?
Answer
(A)
To prevent the trachea from collapsing.
20
What type of cells line the alveoli?
Answer
(B)
Epithelial cells
21
What is the role of the intercostal muscles in breathing?
Answer
(C)
To move the rib cage.
22
Which of the following is primarily responsible for the rate of breathing?
Answer
(B)
The brain
23
What is the function of the cilia found in the respiratory tract?
Answer
(B)
To remove foreign particles and mucus
24
What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in the air we breathe?
Answer
(B)
21%
25
Which of the following is the primary driving force for gas exchange in the alveoli?
Answer
(B)
The difference in partial pressures of gases
26
During strenuous exercise, what happens to the breathing rate and depth?
Answer
(D)
Breathing rate increases, depth increases
27
What is the function of the nose in the respiratory system?
Answer
A
B
C
28
Which part of the brain controls the rate and depth of breathing?
Answer
(C)
Medulla oblongata and Pons
29
What does the term 'tidal volume' mean?
Answer
(A)
The amount of air in one breath
30
The diaphragm contracts, and the rib cage moves upward and outward. Which process is this describing? (Select all that apply)
Answer
(A)
Inhalation
31
Which of the following is a waste product of cellular respiration that is exhaled?
Answer
(C)
Carbon Dioxide
32
Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?
Answer
A
B
C
33
Which body parts do the intercostal muscles control?
Answer
(B)
Ribs
34
Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
Answer
(C)
Epiglottis
35
What is the role of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea?
Answer
(B)
To keep the airway open.
36
What is the name of the small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs?
Answer
(C)
Alveoli
37
What is the function of the larynx?
Answer
(B)
To produce sound
38
What structure connects the trachea to the lungs?
Answer
(A)
Bronchi
39
What is the role of the intercostal muscles in the breathing process? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
40
Which of these is NOT a part of the upper respiratory tract?
Answer
(C)
Trachea
41
What is the primary purpose of the bronchioles in the respiratory system?
Answer
(C)
To direct air to the alveoli.
42
What is the primary goal of gas exchange in the lungs?
Answer
(B)
To remove carbon dioxide from the blood and add oxygen
43
Which structure protects the lungs from foreign objects during swallowing?
Answer
(C)
Epiglottis
44
What is the role of the brain in breathing?
Answer
(B)
To control the rate and depth of breathing
45
What is the main function of the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?
Answer
(B)
To facilitate gas exchange
46
Which component of inhaled air is almost entirely absorbed by the body?
Answer
(B)
Oxygen
47
What happens to the thoracic cavity during inhalation?
Answer
(A)
The volume increases
48
What is the function of surfactant in the alveoli?
Answer
(B)
To reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse.
49
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the diaphragm and breathing?
Answer
(C)
The diaphragm contracts, increasing the volume of the chest cavity, leading to inhalation.
50
What is the purpose of the epiglottis?
Answer
(C)
To prevent food from entering the trachea