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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Excretion In Humans (Section 2)

1
Which of the following factors would lead to a more concentrated urine?
Answer
(C)
Being dehydrated.
2
Where is urine stored before it is released from the body?
Answer
(C)
Bladder
3
Which of the following is responsible for the excretion of carbon dioxide?
Answer
(C)
Lungs
4
Which of the following would you expect to find in the filtrate within the Bowman's capsule?
Answer
B
C
D
5
Which of the following is(are) an excretory product(s)?
Answer
A
B
D
6
What are the main components of the urinary system?
Answer
A
C
D
7
What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?
Answer
(B)
Nephron
8
Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?
Answer
(B)
To regulate blood pressure
9
What process is primarily responsible for the removal of excess water and the reabsorption of glucose and ions in the kidney?
Answer
(C)
Reabsorption
10
What is the function of the ureter?
Answer
(B)
To carry urine from the kidney to the bladder.
11
Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of useful substances back into the blood?
Answer
(D)
Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
12
What is the function of the collecting duct in the kidney?
Answer
(B)
To transport urine to the bladder.
13
What is the role of the bladder in the urinary system?
Answer
(B)
To store urine.
14
What is the name of the substance that is formed in the liver from the breakdown of amino acids?
Answer
(C)
Ammonia
15
What is the role of the liver in the context of excretion?
Answer
(B)
It converts amino acids to urea.
16
Which of the following is NOT part of the urinary system?
Answer
(D)
Liver
17
What are the key functions of the kidney?
Answer
A
B
C
D
18
Which of the following is NOT a part of the nephron?
Answer
(D)
Ureter
19
Which of the following processes is responsible for the removal of nitrogenous waste from the body?
Answer
(C)
Excretion
20
Which of the following is the primary function of the Loop of Henle?
Answer
(C)
Concentration of urine
21
Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood vessels that blood flows through when entering the kidney?
Answer
(C)
Renal artery -> capillaries -> Renal vein
22
Which of the following is a waste product produced during respiration?
Answer
(B)
Carbon dioxide
23
What is the order of structures that urine passes through after leaving the kidney?
Answer
(A)
Ureter, bladder, urethra
24
What process does not occur in the Loop of Henle?
Answer
(D)
Filtration of blood
25
Which of the following processes are involved in the formation of urine in the kidney?
Answer
A
B
D
26
Which of the following substances are normally found in urine?
Answer
A
C
D
27
Which of the following processes requires energy in the kidney tubules?
Answer
(D)
Active transport of glucose
28
What is the primary waste product of protein metabolism?
Answer
(B)
Urea
29
What is the role of the lungs in excretion?
Answer
(C)
Excretion of carbon dioxide
30
What are the main excretory organs in humans?
Answer
A
B
D
31
What is the function of aldosterone in the kidney?
Answer
(C)
To increase sodium reabsorption.
32
What structure does urine flow through *after* the collecting duct?
Answer
(A)
Ureter
33
What part of the kidney filters the blood?
Answer
(C)
Nephron
34
What waste product is produced by the breakdown of amino acids?
Answer
(B)
Ammonia
35
What is the function of the collecting duct?
Answer
(D)
Collecting the filtrate from the nephrons and carrying it to the ureter.
36
Where does the filtration of blood occur within the nephron?
Answer
(A)
Bowman's capsule
37
What is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule?
Answer
(B)
To reabsorb useful substances.
38
What is the role of the bladder in the excretory system?
Answer
(B)
To store urine.
39
Which part of the nephron is directly responsible for the reabsorption of water?
Answer
(D)
Collecting duct
40
Which process is the main reason for the high blood pressure in the glomerulus?
Answer
(C)
The lower resistance in the afferent arteriole compared to the efferent arteriole.
41
Which of the following substances is usually not found in the filtrate within the Bowman's capsule?
Answer
(D)
Large proteins
42
Which of the following correctly describes the location of the kidneys within the body?
Answer
(C)
Posterior to the abdominal cavity
43
In which part of the nephron does the reabsorption of glucose primarily occur?
Answer
(C)
Proximal convoluted tubule
44
Which of the following best describes the process of reabsorption in the kidney?
Answer
(A)
Movement of substances from the kidney tubules back into the blood
45
Which of the following is the basic functional unit of the kidney?
Answer
(A)
Nephron
46
Which blood vessel carries blood with a high concentration of urea away from the kidney?
Answer
(B)
Renal vein
47
What process does the liver use to break down excess amino acids?
Answer
(B)
Deamination
48
What is the function of the liver in excretion?
Answer
(C)
Produces urea from amino acids
49
Which of the following best describes the composition of the filtrate in the Bowman's capsule?
Answer
(B)
Water, glucose, amino acids, urea, and salts.
50
What structure connects the kidney to the bladder?
Answer
(B)
Ureter