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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Excretion In Humans (Section 1)

1
What is the name of the specialized structure in the kidney that filters blood?
Answer
(B)
Nephron
2
What is the name of the outer layer of the kidney?
Answer
(B)
Cortex
3
Which of the following is a waste product of cellular respiration?
Answer
(C)
Carbon Dioxide
4
What is the role of the Loop of Henle in kidney function?
Answer
(B)
Reabsorption of water and salts
5
What happens to the blood pressure inside the glomerulus to enable filtration?
Answer
(B)
It increases.
6
Which of the following is NOT reabsorbed in the kidney?
Answer
(C)
Urea
7
What is the name of the blood vessel that carries blood into the kidney?
Answer
(B)
Renal artery
8
Which of the following is/are a product(s) of deamination?
Answer
A
B
9
What is the main nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine?
Answer
(C)
Urea
10
What happens to glucose and amino acids in the kidney tubules?
Answer
(C)
They are reabsorbed into the blood.
11
What is the main function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?
Answer
(B)
To regulate the water and electrolyte balance in the blood
12
What happens to the useful substances filtered out of the blood in the Bowman's capsule?
Answer
(B)
They are reabsorbed back into the blood.
13
Which part of the kidney is responsible for the reabsorption of glucose, water, and ions?
Answer
(D)
Kidney tubules
14
What is the primary function of the nephron?
Answer
(C)
To filter blood and form urine
15
Which of the following is not normally found in the urine of a healthy individual?
Answer
(C)
Glucose
16
What is the primary waste product removed from the body via the lungs?
Answer
(B)
Carbon dioxide
17
What is the primary function of the bladder?
Answer
(B)
To store urine
18
Where does the filtration of blood occur in the kidney?
Answer
(C)
In the glomerulus
19
What is the role of the urethra?
Answer
(C)
To transport urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
20
Which of the following processes occurs in the nephron?
Answer
A
B
C
21
What is the main function of the Loop of Henle?
Answer
(C)
Concentration of urine
22
Which of the following is the main waste product of protein metabolism that is excreted from the body?
Answer
(B)
Urea
23
Which of the following substances is NOT found in urine?
Answer
(C)
Glucose
24
Which of the following is/are a waste product(s) that are removed by the kidneys?
Answer
A
B
25
In the context of excretion, what is meant by the term 'egestion'?
Answer
(B)
The removal of undigested food.
26
What is the main role of the kidneys in the body?
Answer
(C)
To remove waste products from the blood
27
What is the name of the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?
Answer
(C)
Urethra
28
What is the name of the process that occurs at the glomerulus?
Answer
(B)
Filtration
29
Which of the following substances are reabsorbed in the kidney?
Answer
A
B
D
30
Which of the following is a part of the nephron?
Answer
A
B
C
31
What is the function of the glomerulus in the kidney?
Answer
(B)
Filtration of blood.
32
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?
Answer
(D)
Digestion of food
33
Which of the following is NOT an excretory organ?
Answer
(C)
Heart
34
Which blood vessel carries blood away from the kidney?
Answer
(C)
Renal vein
35
Where does the blood enter the kidney?
Answer
(B)
Renal artery
36
What is the function of the Bowman's capsule?
Answer
(A)
To filter blood and collect the filtrate.
37
Which part of the nephron does the filtrate enter after leaving the glomerulus?
Answer
(C)
Bowman's capsule
38
Where are the kidneys located in the body?
Answer
(C)
In the abdominal cavity, protected by the lower ribs
39
Which of the following are the excretory organs in humans?
Answer
A
C
D
40
What is the correct order of structures through which urine flows as it leaves the kidney?
Answer
(A)
Ureter, bladder, urethra
41
Which of the following is a key function performed by the kidneys in maintaining blood pH?
Answer
(C)
Regulating hydrogen ion concentration
42
What part of the kidney is responsible for carrying blood with a high concentration of urea away?
Answer
(B)
Renal vein
43
Which of the following statements best describes the process of deamination?
Answer
(C)
The removal of an amino group from an amino acid
44
Which of the following substances is both filtered and secreted by the kidney tubules?
Answer
(D)
Hydrogen ions
45
What does deamination produce?
Answer
(B)
Urea
46
Which part of the nephron is directly connected to the Bowman's capsule?
Answer
(C)
Proximal convoluted tubule
47
What structure does urine pass through directly after leaving the kidney?
Answer
(C)
Ureter
48
Which of the following statements about excretion is correct?
Answer
(C)
Excretion involves the removal of metabolic waste.
49
Which of the following are functions of the liver?
Answer
A
C
50
Which of the following processes is NOT directly involved in the formation of urine?
Answer
(D)
Digestion