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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Diseases And Immunity (Section 5)

1
What is a chemical barrier the body uses to fight off pathogens?
Answer
(C)
Stomach acid
2
What is a key characteristic of the skin as a barrier to infection?
Answer
(C)
It forms a physical barrier.
3
Which of the following is a key element in personal hygiene?
Answer
(C)
Regular handwashing.
4
Which of the following is NOT a way that infectious diseases are transmitted?
Answer
(D)
Through water purification
5
What is the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning vaccinations?
Answer
(A)
To recommend which vaccines should be given to children.
6
What type of cells produce antibodies?
Answer
(C)
Lymphocytes.
7
Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent the transmission of airborne diseases?
Answer
(B)
Covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
8
What are the main ways diseases can be transmitted from person to person?
Answer
A
B
C
9
Which of the following is a chemical barrier against pathogens?
Answer
(D)
Tears
10
Which of the following is NOT a mechanical barrier against pathogens?
Answer
(C)
The stomach acid
11
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a pathogen?
Answer
(D)
They are always beneficial to the human body.
12
What is the role of the memory cells produced during an immune response?
Answer
(B)
To rapidly recognize and respond to the pathogen upon subsequent exposure.
13
What are the two main components used in the fight against pathogens?
Answer
C
D
14
Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?
Answer
(C)
Antibodies passed from mother to child through breast milk.
15
What is a possible consequence of a malfunction in the immune system?
Answer
(A)
An autoimmune disease.
16
What is one common feature of diseases that are transmitted through the air?
Answer
(C)
They are highly contagious.
17
What is the function of an antigen?
Answer
(B)
To stimulate the immune system.
18
What are the recommended practices for preventing the spread of diseases?
Answer
A
B
D
19
Which action contributes to both personal hygiene and the prevention of disease?
Answer
(C)
Washing your hands after coughing or sneezing.
20
What are the main types of barriers the body has against pathogens?
Answer
A
B
21
What is the role of lymphocytes?
Answer
(B)
To produce antibodies.
22
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Answer
(A)
Active immunity involves making your own antibodies, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from an external source.
23
What is an example of a mechanical barrier?
Answer
(B)
Skin
24
What is the primary function of the skin in protecting against disease?
Answer
(C)
To act as a physical barrier.
25
What is an example of a disease spread by the air?
Answer
(B)
Influenza
26
In the context of disease, what is 'transmission'?
Answer
(B)
The way a disease spreads.
27
What is the benefit of handwashing with soap?
Answer
(B)
Kills harmful microorganisms.