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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Diseases And Immunity (Section 4)

1
What is a pathogen?
Answer
(B)
An organism that causes disease.
2
What are the three main lines of defense against disease?
Answer
A
B
3
What is the role of the second line of defense?
Answer
(C)
To engulf and destroy pathogens.
4
Which type of immunity is typically long-lasting?
Answer
(C)
Active immunity
5
What is the best way to prevent the spread of cholera?
Answer
(A)
Get vaccinated against it.
6
Which of the following is the best way to avoid catching a disease transmitted through the air?
Answer
(B)
Wearing a mask and avoiding crowded places.
7
What is the reason to obtain an immunization?
Answer
(D)
To obtain active immunity to a disease.
8
What is an antigen?
Answer
(B)
A foreign substance that triggers an immune response.
9
What is the source of the antibodies in passive immunity?
Answer
(B)
Another person or animal.
10
Vaccination is an example of:
Answer
(A)
Active immunity
11
Which of the following best describes the function of lymphocytes?
Answer
(B)
They produce antibodies.
12
Which of the following are examples of good personal hygiene practices?
Answer
A
B
D
13
Which of the following is a characteristic of antibodies?
Answer
(B)
They are specific to particular antigens.
14
What type of immunity do newborns receive from their mothers through breast milk?
Answer
(B)
Passive immunity
15
Which of the following is an example of a mechanical barrier?
Answer
(C)
The skin
16
How do antibodies destroy pathogens?
Answer
(C)
By attaching to the pathogens and inactivating them.
17
What are some diseases that have been successfully prevented or controlled through vaccination?
Answer
A
B
D
18
Which of the following is an example of active immunity?
Answer
(B)
Having a vaccination.
19
What is the role of the first line of defense in protecting the body against disease?
Answer
(C)
To prevent pathogens from entering the body.
20
What is the best way to prevent the spread of infection through the air?
Answer
(A)
Avoid contact with anyone with a cough or sneeze.
21
How does vaccination lead to immunity?
Answer
(C)
It exposes the body to a harmless form of the pathogen, stimulating the production of memory cells and antibodies.
22
What is a characteristic of the skin as a defense?
Answer
(C)
Prevents pathogens from entering the body.
23
What is the purpose of proper waste disposal and sewage treatment?
Answer
(C)
To prevent the transmission of infectious diseases.
24
How can a person avoid becoming infected with influenza?
Answer
A
B
D
25
Which of the following best describes what a memory cell does?
Answer
(C)
Help the body to remember the pathogen.
26
What is the main goal of handwashing?
Answer
(B)
To remove pathogens from the hands.
27
What is a characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?
Answer
(A)
The body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
28
Which statement best describes a memory cell?
Answer
(B)
A cell that remembers a specific antigen.
29
What is the role of antibodies?
Answer
(B)
To destroy pathogens.
30
What is the primary goal of vaccination?
Answer
(C)
To stimulate the production of antibodies.
31
What happens if the immune system malfunctions?
Answer
(D)
All of the above.
32
What are some examples of diseases that are transmitted through contaminated food and drink?
Answer
A
D
33
What is the function of the second line of defense which includes phagocytes?
Answer
(A)
To engulf pathogens and destroy them.
34
What is the advantage of the second response of the same antigen?
Answer
(C)
Second response is much faster and greater
35
Which of the following is a disadvantage of passive immunity?
Answer
(D)
The immune system does not produce memory cells.
36
Which statement best describes the purpose of vaccination?
Answer
(C)
To prevent future infections.
37
What is the best way to prevent the spread of a disease that is transmitted through contaminated food?
Answer
(C)
Washing hands thoroughly before handling or eating food.
38
What are the two types of immunity discussed in the context of the image?
Answer
(C)
Active and passive
39
What is the primary function of the first line of defense in protecting against disease?
Answer
(C)
To prevent pathogens from entering the body.
40
What is a key reason for implementing a vaccination program?
Answer
(B)
To provide herd immunity.
41
Which option best describes how the immune system responds to an infection?
Answer
(C)
It produces antibodies and memory cells.
42
What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?
Answer
(B)
To remember a specific antigen.
43
Which of the following is/are considered an example of proper waste disposal to help control the spread of disease?
Answer
A
C
44
Which of the following is an example of a chemical barrier?
Answer
(D)
Stomach acid
45
Which of the following actions contribute to good personal hygiene to prevent disease spread?
Answer
A
B
D
46
Which of the following statements best describes active immunity?
Answer
(C)
Immunity developed after exposure to an antigen, leading to the production of antibodies.
47
What is an example of a mechanical barrier?
Answer
(D)
The skin
48
What is the role of antibodies in the body's defense against disease?
Answer
(C)
To destroy pathogens
49
What is the importance of sewage treatment?
Answer
(C)
To remove or inactivate the pathogens.
50
Which of the following diseases is not preventable through vaccination?
Answer
(D)
Malaria