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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Diseases And Immunity (Section 3)

1
What type of cells engulf bacteria and other pathogens?
Answer
(B)
Phagocytes
2
Which of the following are key preventative measures to control the spread of diseases?
Answer
A
B
D
3
What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody?
Answer
(B)
An antigen is a molecule on the surface of a pathogen, and an antibody is produced by the body in response.
4
What is the role of the stomach acid in the immune response?
Answer
(C)
To destroy pathogens
5
What type of barrier is skin?
Answer
(B)
Mechanical
6
What is the purpose of washing your hands?
Answer
(B)
To remove harmful pathogens.
7
How does sewage treatment contribute to the prevention of disease spread?
Answer
(B)
It breaks down the pathogens so they can no longer cause infection.
8
How does a vaccine work?
Answer
(B)
By introducing the body to a weakened version of the pathogen.
9
What is one of the consequences for a malfunction of the immune system?
Answer
(B)
The body attacking the body's own tissues.
10
What is a key characteristic of active immunity?
Answer
(B)
The body produces its own antibodies.
11
Which barrier is the skin an example of in the body's defence system?
Answer
(B)
Mechanical
12
What type of cell produces antibodies?
Answer
(C)
Lymphocytes
13
Which body fluid is mentioned as a way of disease transmission?
Answer
(B)
Blood
14
What type of immunity does a vaccine provide?
Answer
(B)
Active Immunity
15
What is the primary way to prevent the spread of diseases through contaminated food and drink?
Answer
(B)
Washing your hands before handling food.
16
How does vaccination work to provide immunity?
Answer
(B)
By introducing a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen to stimulate the immune system.
17
Which of the following is a characteristic of passive immunity?
Answer
(C)
Protection is provided by antibodies from another source.
18
How does washing your hands before eating prevent the spread of disease?
Answer
(C)
It removes pathogens that may be on your hands.
19
How does personal hygiene help to control the spread of disease?
Answer
(C)
By preventing the transmission of pathogens from one person to another.
20
What is the key difference between active and passive immunity?
Answer
(A)
Active immunity is long-lasting, while passive immunity is short-term.
21
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Type 1 diabetes?
Answer
(D)
Feeling full after eating.
22
What is one advantage of active immunity over passive immunity?
Answer
(C)
It creates memory cells, providing long-term protection.
23
What is the purpose of the immune system?
Answer
(B)
To protect the body from disease.
24
In what circumstances is passive immunity particularly useful?
Answer
(B)
To give rapid protection against an infection or poison when the body is at risk.
25
What type of illness are vaccines useful for?
Answer
(A)
Bacterial infections
26
What is the function of phagocytes?
Answer
(B)
Engulf and destroy pathogens.
27
What is the role of memory cells in the immune response?
Answer
(C)
To remember the antigen for future encounters.
28
What are some of the diseases included as candidates for vaccinations?
Answer
A
B
C
29
What is the function of chlorine tablets in treating water, as mentioned in the text?
Answer
(C)
To kill harmful microorganisms.
30
What is the role of memory cells?
Answer
(B)
To remember and recognize antigens.
31
What are some examples of diseases that have the transmission of disease through the air?
Answer
A
B
D
32
What are the main benefits of proper waste disposal?
Answer
(C)
To prevent the spread of disease.
33
What is meant by the term 'mechanical barrier' in the context of the human body's defenses?
Answer
(B)
Physical defenses
34
What is the benefit of washing your hands with soap?
Answer
(B)
It destroys pathogens.
35
What is an example of a mechanical barrier against pathogens?
Answer
(C)
Skin
36
What is a key difference between active and passive immunity?
Answer
(B)
Active immunity comes from a person's own immune system, passive immunity comes from external sources.
37
What is a way to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted by sexual contact?
Answer
(B)
Practicing safe sex.
38
What is an example of an infectious disease caused by a bacteria?
Answer
(B)
Tuberculosis
39
What is the main purpose of proper sewage treatment?
Answer
(C)
To eliminate harmful pathogens.
40
What is a key preventative measure against the spread of cholera?
Answer
(A)
Using chlorine tablets to purify drinking water
41
Which of the following is NOT a method to prevent the spread of diseases?
Answer
(B)
Sharing food and drinks.
42
How can someone be naturally immune to a disease?
Answer
(B)
Having antibodies
43
What are some of the diseases discussed that are contagious?
Answer
A
C
D
44
What is an example of a chemical barrier?
Answer
(C)
Stomach acid.
45
Which of the following is a way to prevent the spread of cholera?
Answer
(B)
Proper disposal of human waste.
46
Which of the following is a characteristic of a good personal hygiene routine?
Answer
(A)
Washing hands frequently.
47
What type of cells are responsible for helping the body make antibodies?
Answer
(B)
B-cells
48
Which of the following is an example of a mechanical barrier in the body's defense system?
Answer
(C)
The skin
49
What is a key feature of passive immunity?
Answer
(C)
Immediate, temporary protection.
50
Which is a feature of an antibody?
Answer
(B)
It neutralizes antigens