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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Diseases And Immunity (Section 1)

1
What type of cells are responsible for engulfing pathogens?
Answer
(B)
Phagocytes
2
What are the common symptoms of Type 1 diabetes?
Answer
A
B
C
D
3
Which hygiene practices help control the spread of infectious diseases?
Answer
A
B
D
4
Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease?
Answer
(B)
Type 1 diabetes
5
Which of these actions helps to prevent the spread of infection?
Answer
(C)
Handwashing
6
What is one of the main components of a vaccine?
Answer
(B)
Inactivated pathogens or antigens
7
Which of the following is an example of a chemical barrier against pathogens?
Answer
(B)
Stomach acid
8
Which of the following is a way to control the spread of infectious diseases?
Answer
A
C
9
Which of the following is a benefit of vaccination programs?
Answer
(C)
They reduce the incidence of infectious diseases and save lives.
10
What is the main goal of proper sewage treatment?
Answer
(C)
To remove harmful pathogens from the water.
11
What is the purpose of vaccination?
Answer
(C)
To stimulate the production of antibodies and memory cells.
12
What type of cell is responsible for phagocytosis?
Answer
(C)
Phagocytes
13
What is the main role of the skin in protecting against diseases?
Answer
(C)
To act as a physical barrier.
14
What is a pathogen?
Answer
(B)
A disease-causing organism
15
What are the first lines of defense against pathogens?
Answer
(B)
Skin, mucus membranes, and stomach acid.
16
What is a major benefit of herd immunity?
Answer
(A)
It protects individuals who cannot be vaccinated.
17
What are the benefits of proper food preparation?
Answer
B
C
18
What is the purpose of chlorination in water treatment?
Answer
(B)
To kill harmful bacteria
19
What is the main purpose of a booster shot?
Answer
(C)
To increase the long-term protection offered by the vaccine.
20
What is an antigen?
Answer
(B)
A substance that triggers an immune response.
21
What is a key difference between active and passive immunity?
Answer
(B)
Active immunity involves antibody production by the body, while passive immunity involves receiving pre-made antibodies.
22
What does the term 'herd immunity' refer to?
Answer
(C)
The protection against a disease when a significant portion of a population is immune.
23
What does the term 'hygiene' primarily refer to in the context of disease prevention?
Answer
(B)
The cleanliness and health practices.
24
Which of the following are common ways to transmit diseases?
Answer
A
B
C
25
Which of the following is an example of a mechanical barrier against pathogens?
Answer
(B)
The skin
26
Which of the following is a cause of Type 1 diabetes?
Answer
(B)
The body attacks and destroys the cells of the pancreas that make insulin.
27
What is the role of a vaccine?
Answer
(C)
To stimulate the production of antibodies and memory cells.
28
Which of these is considered a mechanical barrier against pathogens?
Answer
(B)
Skin
29
Which of the following are examples of infectious diseases?
Answer
A
B
30
What type of immunity does a mother provide to her infant through breast milk?
Answer
(B)
Passive immunity
31
What is the role of the innate immune system?
Answer
(B)
To respond rapidly and non-specifically to pathogens.
32
What is the role of memory cells in the immune response?
Answer
(B)
To quickly recognize and respond to a pathogen upon subsequent exposure.
33
Which of the following are considered chemical barriers against pathogens?
Answer
(C)
Stomach acid
34
Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanical barrier to infection?
Answer
(C)
Stomach acid
35
What are the main methods to prevent the transmission of the flu?
Answer
A
B
C
36
What is a key function of antibodies?
Answer
(C)
To bind to specific antigens on pathogens
37
What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune response?
Answer
(B)
To secrete antibodies or directly attack infected cells.
38
What is the purpose of washing hands before preparing food?
Answer
(B)
To remove harmful bacteria.
39
What type of cell is responsible for engulfing pathogens?
Answer
(C)
Phagocytes
40
What does the term 'communicable diseases' refer to?
Answer
(C)
Diseases that are spreadable between people
41
What is the primary role of antibodies in the body's defense against disease?
Answer
(C)
To identify and neutralize pathogens
42
What type of barrier is the mucus in the nose and trachea considered?
Answer
(B)
Mechanical barrier
43
Which of the following can cause the spread of disease?
Answer
A
B
44
How does active immunity differ from passive immunity?
Answer
(B)
Active immunity involves production of antibodies; passive immunity involves receiving antibodies.
45
What is the aim of vaccination?
Answer
(C)
To stimulate the production of antibodies and memory cells.
46
What is a key aspect of personal hygiene in controlling the spread of disease?
Answer
(C)
Washing hands frequently
47
Which of the following is NOT a way that diseases can be transmitted?
Answer
(D)
Through thoughts
48
Which of the following is a key characteristic of an antigen?
Answer
(B)
It is a foreign substance that triggers an immune response.
49
How can you prevent the spread of disease?
Answer
A
C
50
What are the main ways to prevent the transmission of Cholera?
Answer
A
B