Essential Biochemistry - Acid Base Balance (Section 2)
1
What type of acid is primarily buffered by the respiratory system?
2
Which of the following is NOT a buffer in the blood?
3
Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic alkalosis?
4
Which of the following can cause metabolic acidosis?
5
The first line of defense against acid-base disturbances is:
7
Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) is buffered by:
8
Which of the following conditions typically leads to respiratory alkalosis?
9
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
Responder(A)
pH = pKa + log ([A⁻]/[HA])
10
The most important buffer system in the blood is:
11
What are the two types of metabolic acidosis?
12
At blood pH 7.4, the ratio of HPO₄²/H₂PO₄ will be:
13
Which organ(s) play(s) a major role in the correction of metabolic alkalosis?
14
Which of the following are causes of respiratory acidosis?
15
Normal arterial blood pH is:
16
Which of the following buffer systems are present in the blood?
17
In which condition will the lungs work for compensation?
18
Important buffer in the extracellular fluid is:
19
What is the normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in blood?
20
Which of the following is a volatile acid?
21
Metabolic acidosis is primarily due to:
22
What is the role of the renal system in acid-base balance?
Responder(C)
Excreting H+ ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate
23
At blood pH 7.4, the ratio of NaHCO₃/H₂CO₃ will be:
24
What is the main function of the kidney in acid-base balance?
Responder(D)
Excretion of H⁺ ions and reabsorption of HCO₃⁻
25
What is the consequence of a low anion gap?
Responder(A)
May be due to hypoalbuminemia
26
What is the role of bicarbonate in the bicarbonate buffer system?
27
Anion gap is the difference between:
Responder(B)
Unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations
28
The protein buffer system uses which type of amino acid group to buffer?
Responder(C)
Both amino and carboxyl groups
29
What is the main cause of respiratory acidosis?
30
What is the most important buffer in the extracellular fluid?
