Quick Biochemistry - Mineral Metabolism (Section 1)
1
What is produced when ATP is converted to AMP?
Odpowiedź
(A)
Inorganic pyrophosphate
2
What is the approximate standard free energy (AG°) change for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi)?
Odpowiedź
(C)
-30.5 KJ/mol
3
What is the approximate standard free energy (AG°) change for the hydrolysis of ADP to AMP and inorganic phosphate (Pi)?
Odpowiedź
(C)
-27.6 KJ/mol
4
What is the approximate standard free energy (AG°) change for the hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate?
Odpowiedź
(A)
-61.9 KJ/mol
5
What is the approximate standard free energy (AG°) change for the hydrolysis of creatine phosphate?
Odpowiedź
(B)
-43.1 KJ/mol
6
Which oxidation-reduction system exhibits the highest redox potential?
Odpowiedź
(B)
Fe3+ cytochrome a/Fe2+
7
If AG°= -2.3RT log Keq, and the reaction involves A + B + C with initial concentrations of 10 moles each, what is the sign of the free energy change?
Odpowiedź
(C)
+2.3 RT
8
What is the approximate redox potential (E, volts) of the NAD+/NADH system?
Odpowiedź
(B)
-0.32
9
What is the approximate redox potential (E, volts) of the ubiquinone (ox/red) system?
Odpowiedź
(C)
+0.10
10
What is the approximate redox potential (E, volts) of the cytochrome C (Fe3+/Fe2+) system?
Odpowiedź
(D)
+0.22
11
What is the prosthetic group found in aerobic dehydrogensases?
Odpowiedź
(C)
FAD
12
Which of the following elements is a component of alcohol dehydrogenase from the liver?
Odpowiedź
(C)
Zinc
13
Which enzyme among the following is an oxidase that contains molybdenum?
Odpowiedź
(B)
Xanthine oxidase
14
Which of the following is an oxidase that utilizes copper?
Odpowiedź
(A)
Cytochrome oxidase
15
What metal is found in the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase?
Odpowiedź
(B)
Mn++
16
What is the metal composition of the cytosolic superoxide dismutase?
Odpowiedź
(A)
Cu2+ and Zn2+
17
Which metals are present in Cytochrome oxidase?
Odpowiedź
(B)
Cu2+ and Fe2+
18
What absorption bands are typical of ferrocytochrome?
Odpowiedź
(D)
α, β and γ bands
19
Where are monooxygenases primarily located within the cell?
Odpowiedź
(D)
Microsomes
20
Which of the following molecules participates in the mitochondrial respiratory chain?
Odpowiedź
(A)
Coenzyme Q
21
Where are the redox carriers located within the cellular structure?
Odpowiedź
(A)
Within the inner mitochondrial membrane
22
What is the correct order of redox carriers in the respiratory chain?
Odpowiedź
(A)
NAD-FMN-Q-cyt b-cyt c₁-cyt c-cyt aa3 O2
23
What sequence represents the correct order of cytochrome carriers in the respiratory chain?
Odpowiedź
(C)
Cyt b-cyt c₁-cyt c-cyt aa3
24
From which molecule do reducing equivalents from pyruvate enter the mitochondrial respiratory chain?
Odpowiedź
(B)
NAD
25
From which molecule do reducing equivalents from succinate enter the mitochondrial respiratory chain?
Odpowiedź
(C)
FAD
26
Which respiratory chain complexes function as proton pumps?
Odpowiedź
(C)
I, III and IV
27
When FAD is the source of reducing equivalents in the respiratory chain, what is the approximate phosphate to oxygen (P:O) ratio?
Odpowiedź
(A)
2
28
When NAD is the source of reducing equivalents in the respiratory chain, what is the approximate phosphate to oxygen (P:O) ratio?
Odpowiedź
(C)
3
29
Which of the following is a site of phosphorylation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain?
Odpowiedź
(C)
Between cytochrome b and cytochrome c₁
30
At which point does rotenone inhibit the respiratory chain?
Odpowiedź
(A)
FMN → coenzyme Q
31
Which of the following substances hinders the function of cytochrome oxidase?
Odpowiedź
(D)
Cyanide
32
Which of the following specifically blocks the movement of reducing equivalents from succinate dehydrogenase to coenzyme Q?
Odpowiedź
(A)
Carboxin
33
The theory explaining how oxidative phosphorylation works was proposed by
Odpowiedź
(D)
P. Mitchell
34
During oxidative phosphorylation, the oxidation of one NADPH molecule yields how many ATP molecules?
Odpowiedź
(A)
Zero
35
Which of these compounds disrupts the link between oxidation and phosphorylation in healthy mitochondria?
Odpowiedź
(B)
Oligomycin
36
Which of the following is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation?
Odpowiedź
(D)
Dinitrocresol
37
Which chemical compound interferes with oxidative phosphorylation by affecting the transport of adenine nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Odpowiedź
(B)
Atractyloside
38
Where does the synthesis of porphyrins occur?
Odpowiedź
(C)
Cytosol and mitochondria
39
Heme is formed from which of the following components?
Odpowiedź
(A)
Succinyl-CoA and glycine
40
In the process of creating iron protoporphyrin, what is produced when succinyl-CoA and glycine combine?
Odpowiedź
(A)
a-Amino β-ketoadipic acid
41
Which type of poisoning hinders porphyrin synthesis?
Odpowiedź
(B)
Lead poisoning
42
In which cellular location does the production of δ-amino levulinic acid happen during porphyrin synthesis?
Odpowiedź
(A)
Mitochondria
43
What compound is needed along with glycine to form succinyl CoA in the biosynthesis of heme?
Odpowiedź
(D)
B6-phosphate
44
Which enzyme in the liver of mammals controls the rate of porphyrin synthesis?
Odpowiedź
(A)
ALA synthase
45
What enzyme facilitates the condensation of two 8-aminolevulinate molecules?
Odpowiedź
(B)
ALA hydratase
46
What metal is present in the enzyme 8-aminolevulinate dehydratase?
Odpowiedź
(A)
Zinc
47
What is a necessary component for the enzyme ALA dehydratase to function?
Odpowiedź
(A)
Cu
48
How many molecules of porphobiliogen are needed to create a porphyrin ring?
Odpowiedź
(D)
4
49
The conversion of the linear tetrapyrrole hydroxymethylbilane to uroporphyrinogen III is done by what process?
Odpowiedź
(D)
Catalysed by combined action of uroporphyrinogen I synthase and uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase
50
What enzyme drives the transformation of uroporphyrinogen III to coproporphyrinogen III?
