What is the typical range for normal serum alkaline phosphatase activity?
Хариулт
(B)
5.0-13.0 KA units/100 ml
2
Which measurement is most indicative of early myocardial ischemia?
Хариулт
(A)
CPK
3
Which condition is associated with elevated serum acid phosphatase levels?
Хариулт
(A)
Metastatic carcinoma of prostate
4
Which of the following is linked to increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels?
Хариулт
(C)
Hyperparathyroidism
5
Which medical condition is often accompanied by a rise in serum lipase levels?
Хариулт
(C)
Acute pancreatitis
6
Which condition is characterized by a reduction in serum ferroxidase levels?
Хариулт
(D)
Wilson's disease
7
In which of the following is the LDH isoenzyme often elevated?
Хариулт
(C)
Liver disease
8
Which enzyme is typically elevated on the third day after the onset of an acute myocardial infarction?
Хариулт
(C)
Serum LDH
9
Which condition often sees elevated levels of LDH1 and LDH2?
Хариулт
(A)
Myocardial infarction
10
Which CK isoenzymes are found in cardiac muscle?
Хариулт
(B)
MM and MB
11
In the early stages of acute inflammation of the pancreas, which enzyme typically shows an elevated level within the initial five days?
Хариулт
(A)
Serum amylase
12
What is a key characteristic of acute pancreatitis related to enzyme activity?
Хариулт
(C)
Zymogen enzymes becoming active too early
13
Which of the following enzymes found in plasma serves a specific physiological function?
Хариулт
(A)
Lipoprotein lipase
14
Which enzyme, present in the plasma, does not have a primary function in the plasma itself?
Хариулт
(D)
Lipase
15
What is the ideal pH range for salivary amylase to function most effectively?
Хариулт
(A)
6.6-6.8
16
What is the optimal pH for pancreatic amylase activity?
Хариулт
(D)
8.6
17
At what pH does sucrase demonstrate the highest level of activity?
Хариулт
(A)
5.0-7.0
18
What pH range is most conducive for maltase to perform its function efficiently?
Хариулт
(C)
5.8-6.2
19
What is the optimal pH range for lactase activity?
Хариулт
(B)
5.4-6.0
20
Which of the following substances acts as the primary target for amylase?
Хариулт
(B)
Starch
21
Which ion plays a crucial role in enabling the function of salivary amylase?
Хариулт
(A)
Chloride
22
What substance enhances the activity of pancreatic amylase?
Хариулт
(B)
Bile salts
23
Which of the following carbohydrates is indigestible in the human digestive system?
Хариулт
(A)
Cellulose
24
What type of sugar uptake relies on facilitated diffusion, employing a Na-independent transporter?
Хариулт
(B)
Fructose
25
In the small intestine, which pair of sugars experiences the highest absorption rate?
Хариулт
(A)
Glucose and galactose
26
What vitamin is known to enhance the absorption of glucose?
Хариулт
(B)
Thiamin
27
Which hormone directly influences the intestinal lining, thereby stimulating the absorption of glucose?
Хариулт
(C)
Thyroxine
28
Given the provided information about ATP and Glucose 6-phosphate hydrolysis, calculate the standard free energy change (AG°) for the phosphorylation of glucose: Glucose + ATP → Glucose 6-Phosphate + ADP.
Хариулт
(C)
-4.0 Kcal/mol
29
When blood glucose levels are low, the brain, unlike the liver, can still absorb glucose. This difference is attributed to the
Хариулт
(A)
Low K of hexokinase
30
In the chemical reaction: NuTP + glucose → Glucose 6-Phosphate + NuDP, what does 'NuTP' represent?
Хариулт
(A)
ATP
31
Referring to the provided diagrams, where is fructose 1,6-biphosphate located?
Хариулт
(C)
C
32
Which glycolytic enzyme is susceptible to fluoride ion inhibition?
Хариулт
(C)
Enolase
33
In glycolysis, which enzyme's function is disrupted by iodoacetate?
Хариулт
(B)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
34
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of enolpyruvate to ketopyruvate in the glycolytic pathway?
Хариулт
(D)
Spontaneously
35
In red blood cells, what intermediate is the precursor to 2,3-biphosphoglycerate?
Хариулт
(B)
1, 3-Biphosphoglycerate
36
High concentrations of 2,3-biphosphoglycerate interacting with hemoglobin result in what effect on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?
Хариулт
(B)
Displacement of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right
37
Which of the following compounds can accumulate in erythrocytes under normal circumstances and in anaerobic microorganisms?
Хариулт
(D)
Lactate
38
Which enzyme(s) involved in glycolysis contribute to the high-energy phosphorylation of substrates?
Хариулт
(D)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
39
The Lineweaver-Burk plot is used to analyze which of the following factors?
Хариулт
(D)
Both (A) and (B)
40
Which of the following substances inhibits the activity of phosphofructokinase, a key enzyme in glycolysis?
Хариулт
(A)
Citrate and ATP
41
Which enzyme plays a role in controlling the rate of glycolysis?
Хариулт
(A)
Phosphofructokinase
42
Hexokinase's function is reduced through which of the following mechanisms?
Хариулт
(A)
Glucose-6-Phosphate
43
Which of the following processes involves the rearrangement of molecular structure?
Хариулт
(A)
Glucose 6-Phosphate fructose 6 phosphate
44
What is the overall yield of ATP molecules from one glucose molecule in the absence of oxygen during glycolysis?
Хариулт
(B)
2
45
The multi-enzyme complex involved in converting pyruvate is essential for creating
Хариулт
(A)
Acetyl-CoA
46
A lack of thiamin in the diet negatively affects which enzyme's function?
Хариулт
(B)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
47
Which substance reduces the activity of the enzyme that processes pyruvate?
Хариулт
(A)
Mercury
48
In a typical human at rest, what organ or tissue utilizes the majority of the glucose in the blood?
Хариулт
(A)
Liver
49
Where are the enzymes of the glycolysis pathway primarily located within the cell?
Хариулт
(A)
Extramitochondrial soluble fraction of the cell
50
Considering metabolic pathways as primarily building up or breaking down, which one is best described as having both characteristics?
