Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 6)
1
Which of the following processes is directly responsible for creating genetic variation?
Хариулт
(D)
Crossing over during meiosis
2
What is the role of a promoter region in a gene?
Хариулт
(B)
To signal the start of transcription.
3
Which of the following is the correct order of events in protein synthesis?
Хариулт
(B)
Transcription, Translation, Replication
4
What is the expected phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross if the alleles show incomplete dominance?
Хариулт
(B)
1:2:1
5
Which of the following contribute to genetic variation?
Хариулт
A
B
C
6
What are the products of meiosis II?
Хариулт
(D)
Four haploid cells
7
What is the term that refers to different forms of a gene?
Хариулт
(B)
Allele
8
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic (body) cell?
Хариулт
(B)
46
9
What information can be derived from a pedigree chart?
Хариулт
A
B
C
10
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the products of meiosis?
Хариулт
(C)
The resulting cells are haploid.
11
Which process results in the separation of homologous chromosomes?
Хариулт
(B)
Meiosis I
12
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?
Хариулт
(D)
Telophase
13
Which of the following statements is true regarding the inheritance of autosomal dominant disorders?
Хариулт
A
B
D
14
Which of the following is an example of a human trait determined by multiple alleles?
Хариулт
(A)
Blood type (ABO)
15
What is the significance of the F1 generation in Mendelian genetics?
Хариулт
(B)
It is the result of crossing the P generation.
16
If two genes are located very close together on the same chromosome, what is more likely to happen?
Хариулт
(C)
Genetic linkage
17
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
Хариулт
(A)
The genotype determines the phenotype.
18
Which of the following is the primary goal of meiosis?
Хариулт
(C)
Production of gametes.
19
In a situation of incomplete dominance, what is the phenotype of a heterozygote?
Хариулт
(C)
It is a blend of the two parental phenotypes.
20
Which of the following are directly involved in protein synthesis?
Хариулт
A
B
C
21
Which process involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template?
Хариулт
(C)
Transcription
22
Which type of inheritance is characterized by the interaction between two or more genes to control a single phenotype?
Хариулт
(B)
Epistasis
23
Which of the following is true about meiosis II?
Хариулт
(C)
Sister chromatids separate.
24
In a pedigree, what does a filled-in (shaded) symbol represent?
Хариулт
(C)
An individual expressing the trait
25
What is the name of the process where a strand of DNA is used to make a complementary RNA molecule?
Хариулт
(B)
Transcription
26
Which of the following are events in Meiosis I?
Хариулт
A
C
D
27
What is the role of a ribosome in protein synthesis?
Хариулт
(C)
To read the mRNA code and assemble amino acids into a protein.
28
Which processes are involved in sexual reproduction?
Хариулт
A
B
29
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
Хариулт
(B)
It increases genetic diversity.
30
If two genes are linked, what does that mean?
Хариулт
(B)
They are on the same chromosome.
31
What is the purpose of the start codon in translation?
Хариулт
(B)
To initiate protein synthesis.
32
What is the diploid number for human cells?
Хариулт
(B)
46
33
If a woman is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait, and her husband does NOT have the trait, what is the probability their daughter will also be a carrier?
Хариулт
(C)
50%
34
If a trait is autosomal dominant, what must the genotype of an affected individual be?
Хариулт
(D)
Aa or AA
35
What is the function of the anticodon?
Хариулт
(A)
To bind to the mRNA codon.
36
What is the primary outcome of meiosis?
Хариулт
(B)
Production of haploid gametes.
37
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
Хариулт
(B)
Flower color in snapdragons (red x white = pink).
38
What are the possible phenotypes resulting from a cross between a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous individual, assuming complete dominance?
Хариулт
(A)
Only the dominant phenotype.
39
What does the term 'homozygous recessive' mean?
Хариулт
(C)
Having two identical recessive alleles for a gene.
40
What is the role of the cell plate in plant cell cytokinesis?
Хариулт
(A)
To form a new cell wall.
41
During which phase of meiosis does synapsis (pairing of homologous chromosomes) occur?
Хариулт
(A)
Prophase I
42
In incomplete dominance, what will be the phenotypic ratio of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous individuals?
Хариулт
(C)
1:2:1
43
What process is represented by the phrase "DNA unwinds and forms a long thread"?
Хариулт
(D)
Decondensation
44
Which type of cell division produces genetically different cells?
Хариулт
(C)
Meiosis
45
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Хариулт
(C)
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells; meiosis produces genetically different cells.
46
What is the relationship between genes, DNA, and chromosomes?
Хариулт
(B)
Chromosomes are made of genes, which are made of DNA.
47
Which of the following are events that occur during translation? (Select all that apply)
Хариулт
A
B
D
48
In a situation where codominance is present, what will happen to the phenotype?
Хариулт
(D)
Both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.
49
Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?
Хариулт
(C)
An organism's observable traits.
50
During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
