Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 6)
1
Which of the following processes is directly responsible for creating genetic variation?
პასუხი
(D)
Crossing over during meiosis
2
What is the role of a promoter region in a gene?
პასუხი
(B)
To signal the start of transcription.
3
Which of the following is the correct order of events in protein synthesis?
პასუხი
(B)
Transcription, Translation, Replication
4
What is the expected phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross if the alleles show incomplete dominance?
პასუხი
(B)
1:2:1
5
Which of the following contribute to genetic variation?
პასუხი
A
B
C
6
What are the products of meiosis II?
პასუხი
(D)
Four haploid cells
7
What is the term that refers to different forms of a gene?
პასუხი
(B)
Allele
8
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic (body) cell?
პასუხი
(B)
46
9
What information can be derived from a pedigree chart?
პასუხი
A
B
C
10
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the products of meiosis?
პასუხი
(C)
The resulting cells are haploid.
11
Which process results in the separation of homologous chromosomes?
პასუხი
(B)
Meiosis I
12
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?
პასუხი
(D)
Telophase
13
Which of the following statements is true regarding the inheritance of autosomal dominant disorders?
პასუხი
A
B
D
14
Which of the following is an example of a human trait determined by multiple alleles?
პასუხი
(A)
Blood type (ABO)
15
What is the significance of the F1 generation in Mendelian genetics?
პასუხი
(B)
It is the result of crossing the P generation.
16
If two genes are located very close together on the same chromosome, what is more likely to happen?
პასუხი
(C)
Genetic linkage
17
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
პასუხი
(A)
The genotype determines the phenotype.
18
Which of the following is the primary goal of meiosis?
პასუხი
(C)
Production of gametes.
19
In a situation of incomplete dominance, what is the phenotype of a heterozygote?
პასუხი
(C)
It is a blend of the two parental phenotypes.
20
Which of the following are directly involved in protein synthesis?
პასუხი
A
B
C
21
Which process involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template?
პასუხი
(C)
Transcription
22
Which type of inheritance is characterized by the interaction between two or more genes to control a single phenotype?
პასუხი
(B)
Epistasis
23
Which of the following is true about meiosis II?
პასუხი
(C)
Sister chromatids separate.
24
In a pedigree, what does a filled-in (shaded) symbol represent?
პასუხი
(C)
An individual expressing the trait
25
What is the name of the process where a strand of DNA is used to make a complementary RNA molecule?
პასუხი
(B)
Transcription
26
Which of the following are events in Meiosis I?
პასუხი
A
C
D
27
What is the role of a ribosome in protein synthesis?
პასუხი
(C)
To read the mRNA code and assemble amino acids into a protein.
28
Which processes are involved in sexual reproduction?
პასუხი
A
B
29
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
პასუხი
(B)
It increases genetic diversity.
30
If two genes are linked, what does that mean?
პასუხი
(B)
They are on the same chromosome.
31
What is the purpose of the start codon in translation?
პასუხი
(B)
To initiate protein synthesis.
32
What is the diploid number for human cells?
პასუხი
(B)
46
33
If a woman is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait, and her husband does NOT have the trait, what is the probability their daughter will also be a carrier?
პასუხი
(C)
50%
34
If a trait is autosomal dominant, what must the genotype of an affected individual be?
პასუხი
(D)
Aa or AA
35
What is the function of the anticodon?
პასუხი
(A)
To bind to the mRNA codon.
36
What is the primary outcome of meiosis?
პასუხი
(B)
Production of haploid gametes.
37
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
პასუხი
(B)
Flower color in snapdragons (red x white = pink).
38
What are the possible phenotypes resulting from a cross between a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous individual, assuming complete dominance?
პასუხი
(A)
Only the dominant phenotype.
39
What does the term 'homozygous recessive' mean?
პასუხი
(C)
Having two identical recessive alleles for a gene.
40
What is the role of the cell plate in plant cell cytokinesis?
პასუხი
(A)
To form a new cell wall.
41
During which phase of meiosis does synapsis (pairing of homologous chromosomes) occur?
პასუხი
(A)
Prophase I
42
In incomplete dominance, what will be the phenotypic ratio of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous individuals?
პასუხი
(C)
1:2:1
43
What process is represented by the phrase "DNA unwinds and forms a long thread"?
პასუხი
(D)
Decondensation
44
Which type of cell division produces genetically different cells?
პასუხი
(C)
Meiosis
45
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
პასუხი
(C)
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells; meiosis produces genetically different cells.
46
What is the relationship between genes, DNA, and chromosomes?
პასუხი
(B)
Chromosomes are made of genes, which are made of DNA.
47
Which of the following are events that occur during translation? (Select all that apply)
პასუხი
A
B
D
48
In a situation where codominance is present, what will happen to the phenotype?
პასუხი
(D)
Both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.
49
Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?
პასუხი
(C)
An organism's observable traits.
50
During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
