What vitamin is essential for changing phydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Niacin
2
Which vitamin is necessary for the conversion of folic acid into folinic acid?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Ascorbic acid
3
What substance can be reduced by ascorbic acid?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
2, 6-Dichlorophenol indophenol
4
Which vitamin is typically depleted in sterilized milk?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Vitamin C
5
What condition results from a lack of a specific vitamin?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Vitamin C
6
Both Wernicke's disease and beriberi can be treated with the administration of which vitamin?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Thiamin
7
What is a consequence of a lack of Vitamin B₁?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Beriberi
8
Which vitamin's deficiency leads to elevated levels of pyruvic and lactic acid in the blood?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Thiamin
9
The coenzyme TPP, derived from which vitamin, is crucial for what process?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Oxidative decarboxylation
10
An increase in glucose intake necessitates a greater dietary intake of which vitamin?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Thiamin
11
In an alkaline solution, what substance is used to convert thiamin to thiochrome through oxidation?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Potassium ferricyanide
12
Riboflavin acts as a coenzyme in reactions catalyzed by which of the following enzymes?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
13
What is the approximate daily riboflavin intake, in milligrams, recommended for adults?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
1.2-1.7
14
Which vitamin deficiency can result in hyperbilirubinemia in newborns undergoing phototherapy?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Riboflavin
15
Which of the following conditions is a consequence of riboflavin deficiency?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Cheilosis
16
What vitamin deficiency is associated with a magenta-colored tongue?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Riboflavin
17
Which vitamin deficiency is linked to corneal vascularization?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
B2
18
Which of the following is known as the pellagra-preventing factor?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Niacin
19
Pellagra is a condition that arises from a deficiency of which vitamin?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Niacin
20
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is derived from which of the following?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Pyridine
21
What is the starting material for niacin production within the human body?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Tryptophan
22
Which of the following amino acids is typically lacking in the proteins found in corn?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Tryptophan
23
In what form is niacin typically found in corn?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Niacytin
24
Approximately how much tryptophan is needed to produce 1 mg of niacin in the body?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
60 mg of tryptophan
25
In populations that rely heavily on which of the following grains is pellagra most commonly observed?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Maize
26
Which type of enzymes utilize nicotinamide as a coenzyme?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Dehydrogenases
27
What is the recommended daily intake of Vitamin D?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
400 I.U.
28
Which vitamin's structural composition lacks a ring structure?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Pantothenic acid
29
Pantothenic acid is a key component in a coenzyme involved in which metabolic process?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Acetylation
30
From which of the following is CoA derived?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Pantothenate
31
What nutritional deficiency is linked to 'burning foot syndrome'?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Pantothenic acid
32
Which biochemical process centrally involves pyridoxal phosphate?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Transamination
33
Which vitamin serves as a coenzyme for transaminase function?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Pyridoxal phosphate
34
Which medication can potentially lead to a vitamin B, deficiency?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Isoniazid
35
Which population group is at higher risk of vitamin B, deficiency?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Alcoholics
36
What vitamin deficiency is assessed using the 'xanthurenic acid index'?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Pyridoxal
37
What vitamin deficiency has been associated with epileptiform convulsions in infants?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
B
38
Which type of enzyme utilizes biotin as a coenzyme?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Carboxylase
39
What coenzyme is required for the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Biotin
40
How is biotin attached to enzymes within biotin-containing enzymes?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
An amide linkage to an amino group of lysine
41
In a carboxylation reaction where biotin acts as a coenzyme, a CO₂ molecule is captured. To which part of the biotin molecule is the carboxyl group covalently linked?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
A nitrogen atom (N₁) within the biotin structure
42
What nutritional deficiency can arise from eating uncooked eggs?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Biotin
43
Which compound or its derivative is essential for transforming acetyl CoA into malonylCoA?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Biotin
44
Which cofactor is necessary for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Lipoate
45
The core structure of B₁₂, known as the corrin ring system, includes which element?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Cobalt
46
In vitamin B₁₂, the central cobalt atom is bound to which type of group?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Cyanide group
47
The complex corrin ring of vitamin B₁₂ is composed of four of what type of rings?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Pyrrole rings
48
What is the empirical formula of cobalamin?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
C63H88N14O14P.CO
49
A lack of vitamin B₁₂ can lead to which medical condition?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Pernicious anemia
50
How can a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be identified through analysis of urine?
