The history of Ethioipia in the 19th Century involve three fundamental processes which are: (1) The Zamana Masaf∂nt (Era of Princess) and its coming to an end under Kassa Haylu, later Emperor Tawodros II (2) The repeated attempt by Egypt and Italy to colonize Ethiopia (3) M∂nilek' territorial expansion and conquest of what is now Southern Ethioipia.