JAMB - Biology (2024 - No. 61)

The relationship between ruminants and the bacteria in their digestive tract is symbiotic and mutualistic, meaning both organisms benefit from the interaction. The ruminant provides the bacteria with a warm, moist environment, a constant food supply, and a safe habitat, while the bacteria produce enzymes that break down complex compounds into simpler molecules that the ruminant's intestines can absorb. The bacteria also provide a protein source for the ruminant.