Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 6)
1
Which of the following processes is directly responsible for creating genetic variation?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Crossing over during meiosis
2
What is the role of a promoter region in a gene?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
To signal the start of transcription.
3
Which of the following is the correct order of events in protein synthesis?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Transcription, Translation, Replication
4
What is the expected phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross if the alleles show incomplete dominance?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
1:2:1
5
Which of the following contribute to genetic variation?
پاسخ دهید
A
B
C
6
What are the products of meiosis II?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Four haploid cells
7
What is the term that refers to different forms of a gene?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Allele
8
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic (body) cell?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
46
9
What information can be derived from a pedigree chart?
پاسخ دهید
A
B
C
10
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the products of meiosis?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
The resulting cells are haploid.
11
Which process results in the separation of homologous chromosomes?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Meiosis I
12
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Telophase
13
Which of the following statements is true regarding the inheritance of autosomal dominant disorders?
پاسخ دهید
A
B
D
14
Which of the following is an example of a human trait determined by multiple alleles?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Blood type (ABO)
15
What is the significance of the F1 generation in Mendelian genetics?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
It is the result of crossing the P generation.
16
If two genes are located very close together on the same chromosome, what is more likely to happen?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Genetic linkage
17
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
The genotype determines the phenotype.
18
Which of the following is the primary goal of meiosis?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Production of gametes.
19
In a situation of incomplete dominance, what is the phenotype of a heterozygote?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
It is a blend of the two parental phenotypes.
20
Which of the following are directly involved in protein synthesis?
پاسخ دهید
A
B
C
21
Which process involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Transcription
22
Which type of inheritance is characterized by the interaction between two or more genes to control a single phenotype?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Epistasis
23
Which of the following is true about meiosis II?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Sister chromatids separate.
24
In a pedigree, what does a filled-in (shaded) symbol represent?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
An individual expressing the trait
25
What is the name of the process where a strand of DNA is used to make a complementary RNA molecule?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Transcription
26
Which of the following are events in Meiosis I?
پاسخ دهید
A
C
D
27
What is the role of a ribosome in protein synthesis?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
To read the mRNA code and assemble amino acids into a protein.
28
Which processes are involved in sexual reproduction?
پاسخ دهید
A
B
29
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
It increases genetic diversity.
30
If two genes are linked, what does that mean?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
They are on the same chromosome.
31
What is the purpose of the start codon in translation?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
To initiate protein synthesis.
32
What is the diploid number for human cells?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
46
33
If a woman is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait, and her husband does NOT have the trait, what is the probability their daughter will also be a carrier?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
50%
34
If a trait is autosomal dominant, what must the genotype of an affected individual be?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Aa or AA
35
What is the function of the anticodon?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
To bind to the mRNA codon.
36
What is the primary outcome of meiosis?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Production of haploid gametes.
37
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Flower color in snapdragons (red x white = pink).
38
What are the possible phenotypes resulting from a cross between a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous individual, assuming complete dominance?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Only the dominant phenotype.
39
What does the term 'homozygous recessive' mean?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Having two identical recessive alleles for a gene.
40
What is the role of the cell plate in plant cell cytokinesis?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
To form a new cell wall.
41
During which phase of meiosis does synapsis (pairing of homologous chromosomes) occur?
پاسخ دهید
(A)
Prophase I
42
In incomplete dominance, what will be the phenotypic ratio of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous individuals?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
1:2:1
43
What process is represented by the phrase "DNA unwinds and forms a long thread"?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Decondensation
44
Which type of cell division produces genetically different cells?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Meiosis
45
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells; meiosis produces genetically different cells.
46
What is the relationship between genes, DNA, and chromosomes?
پاسخ دهید
(B)
Chromosomes are made of genes, which are made of DNA.
47
Which of the following are events that occur during translation? (Select all that apply)
پاسخ دهید
A
B
D
48
In a situation where codominance is present, what will happen to the phenotype?
پاسخ دهید
(D)
Both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.
49
Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?
پاسخ دهید
(C)
An organism's observable traits.
50
During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
